Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger, 1898

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leptodactylinae > Genus: Leptodactylus > Species: Leptodactylus bolivianus

Rana ocellata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1: 211. Type(s): Including NHRM 150; by implication of Linnaeus, 1764, Mus. Adophi Friderici, 2: 39, and as discussed by Andersson, 1900, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 24. Type locality: "in America"; restricted to "Brasilia" by Linnaeus, 1764, Mus. Adophi Friderici, 2: 39. See discussion by Lavilla, Langone, Caramaschi, Heyer, and de Sá, 2010, Zootaxa, 2346: 1–16. Heyer, Caramaschi, and de Sá, 2006, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 63: 184–186, noted that the type of this taxon represents what is currently known as Leptodactylus bolivianus; they suggested that to conserve application of the name, pending action by the ICZN, that a neotype be designated (MNRJ 30733; with a locality of "Vale dos Agriões, Teresópolis, 22° 25′S, 42° 58′ W, approx. 900 m above sea level, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil").

Cystignathus ocellatus — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 203; Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 78; Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 396.

Leptodactylus ocellatus — Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 420.

Gnathophysa ocellata — Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 73.

Leptognathus ocellatus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 247; Boettger, 1892, Kat. Batr. Samml. Mus. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges.: 31.

Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger, 1898, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 19: 131. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.17.43–45 (1898.6.9.24–26) according to museum records, MZUT An488 and An506 (according to Gavetti and Andreone, 1993, Cat. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat., Torino, 10: 52); MSNG; MSNG 28875A designated lectotype by Capocaccia, 1957, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 69: 214. Type locality: "Barraca", Río Madidi, and "Misiones Mosetenes", Bolivia; restricted to Barraca, Río Madidi, Bolivia, by lectotype designation.

Leptodactylus (Pachypus) bolivianus — Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 23: 1, 21.

Leptodactylus (Pachypus) ocellatus — Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 23: 1, 21.

Leptodactylus romani Melin, 1941, Göteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl., Ser. B, 1: 54. Syntypes: NHMG (5 specimens); NHMG 499 designated lectotype by Heyer, 1969, Herpetologica, 25: 6. Type locality: "Taracuá, Rio Uaupés, [Amazonas,] Brazil". Synonymy by Heyer, 1969, Herpetologica, 25: 6.

Leptodactylos ocellatus ocellatus — Cei, 1950, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 9: 408.

Common Names

Bolivian White-lipped Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 81).

Bolivian Thin-toed Frog (Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 222).

Distribution

Central and western portions of the Amazon basin in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela; Serra da Jibóia region, Bahia, Brazil (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela

Comment

Lynch, 2005, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 29: 581–588, provided a specific locality for the vicinity of Leticia, Colombia. Beçak, 1968, Carylogia, 21: 191–208, reported on the karyotype (as Leptodactylus ocellatus). Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 66, provided a brief account for the Iquitos region of northeastern Peru. Márquez, De la Riva, and Bosch, 1995, J. Zool., London, 237: 313–336, reported on vocalization in Bolivia. Duellman, 1997, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas, 2: 23, commented on a population in southeastern Venezuela. França and Venâncio, 2010, Biotemas, 23: 71–84, provided a record for the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, with a brief discussion of the range. Duellman, 2005, Cusco Amazonico: 278–280, provided an account (adult and larval morphology, description of the call, life history). See account by Heyer and de Sá, 2011, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 635: 31–35, who included this in their Leptodactylus bolivianus complex. See records for Leptodactylus guianensis and Leptodactylus insularum, both of which have long been confused with this species. Fouquet, Gilles, Vences, Marty, Blanc, and Gemmell, 2007, PLoS One, 10 (e1109): 1–10, provided molecular evidence that this is a species complex. See account for Suriname population (as Leptodactylus ocellatus) by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 250–253. In the Leptodactylus latrans species group of de Sá, Grant, Camargo, Heyer, Ponssa, and Stanley, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9(Spec. Issue 1): 1–123, and who provided a summary of relevant literature (adult and larval morphology, identification, advertisement call, and range) on pp. 64–65. Salas, Zavattieri, di Tada, Martino, and Bridarolli, 1998, Cuad. Herpetol., 12: 37–48, and Zimmerman, 1983, Herpetologica, 39: 235–246, discussed the call (as Leptodactylus ocellatus). Nunes and Juncá, 2006, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 64: 151–157, described the advertisement call (as Leptodactylus ocellatus). Juncá, 2006, Biota Neotrop., 6: 1–17, briefly summarized the presence of this species in the Serra da Jibóia region, Bahia, Brazil, and its habitat, although the distance of this record from the main part of the range suggests that confirmation is needed. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 89, for comments on range and literature. For identification of larvae (as Leptodactylus ocellatus) in central Amazonia, Brazil, see Hero, 1990, Amazoniana, 11: 201–262. See brief account for the Manu region, Peru, by Villacampa-Ortega, Serrano-Rojas, and Whitworth, 2017, Amph. Manu Learning Cent.: 222–223. Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru. Crnobrna, Santa-Cruz Farfan, Gallegos, López-Rojas, Llanqui, Panduro Pisco, and Kelsen Arbaiza, 2023, Check List, 19: 445, provided a record from Ucayali Department, central-eastern Peru.

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