Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leptodactylus luctator (Hudson, 1892)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leptodactylinae > Genus: Leptodactylus > Species: Leptodactylus luctator

Rana luctator Hudson, 1892, Nat. La Plata: 78. Holotype: lost according to original publication. Neotype designated by Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020, Herpetol. Monogr., 34: 160, as LGE 22146 by . Type locality: from original text presumably vicinity of "Buenos Ayres", Argentina. Neotype from "Villa Elvira, La Plata municipality, Buenos Aires province, Argentina (34°58′36″S; 57°52′10″W; 14-m elevation".

Cystignathus oxycephalus Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 105. Syntypes: MNHNC (2 specimens), according to the original publication. Type locality: "ad Montevideo. Arrechavaleta", Uruguay. Synonymy with Leptodactylus latrans by Klappenbach, 1968, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 23: 150; with Leptodactylus luctator by Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020, Herpetol. Monogr., 34: 158.

Cystignathus oxicephalus — Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 124. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Leptodactylus ocellatus var. reticulata Cei, 1948, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 6: 308. Syntypes: Not designated, presumably FML. Type locality: "Arroyo, Isla Apipé, Ituzaingó (Corrientes)" and "Puerto Bemberg (Misiones)", Argentina. Synonymy by Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020, Herpetol. Monogr., 34: 158.

Leptodactylus ocellatus var. bonairensis Cei, 1949, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 7: 127. Syntypes: Not designated, but in MACN and FML (total of 59 examples), according to XXX. Type locality: "Río Colorado y Bahía Blanca", Argentina; restricted to Bahia Blanca, Argentina, by Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 133. Synonymy by Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020, Herpetol. Monogr., 34: 158.

Leptodactylus luctator — Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020, Herpetol. Monogr., 34: 150.

Common Names

Wrestler Frog (Hudson, 1892, Nat. La Plata: 77).

Distribution

South-central Bahia and east-central Goias to western Mato Grosso and south in Brazil through Uruguay and Paraguay to extreme eastern Bolivia and Argentina south to northern Buenos Aires to southern Córdoba Provinces, Argentina.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay

Comment

Formerly in the synonymy of Leptodactylus latrans according to Gallardo, 1964, Physis, Buenos Aires, 24: 373–384, and Lavilla, 1994 "1992", Acta Zool. Lilloana, 42: 87, the name was recently applied by Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020, Herpetol. Monogr., 34: 150, to their Leptodactylus aff. latrans CS2 lineage, for which they characterized its morphology, call, and geographic distribution. See account of nominal Leptodactylus latrans (now Leptodactylus luctator at this geographic site) by Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 309–310. This species (as Leptodactylus latrans) was recorded for Bolivia by De la Riva and Maldonado-M., 1999, Graellsia, 55: 193–197. Achaval and Olmos, 2003, Anf. Rept. Uruguay, ed. 2: 25, provided for the Uruguayan population (as Leptodactylus latrans) a brief account and photograph. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 14, briefly discussed (as Leptodactylus latrans) the range in Paraguay. Weiler, Núñez, Airaldi, Lavilla, Peris, and Baldo, 2013, Anf. Paraguay: 95, provided a brief account (as Leptodactylus latrans), image, and dot map for Paraguay. Ferraro, Blotto, Baldo, Barrasso, Barrionuevo, Basso, Cardozo, Cotichelli, Faivovich, Pereyra, and Lavilla, 2018, in Vaira, Akmentins, and Lavilla (eds.), Cuad. Herpetol., 32 (Supl. 1): 17–19, noted that the taxonomic status of Leptodactylus latrans in Argentina remains problematic (note that nominal Leptodactylus latrans in Argentina and Paraguay is now Leptodactylus luctator). Vaz-Silva, Maciel, Nomura, Morais, Guerra Batista, Santos, Andrade, Oliveira, Brandão, and Bastos, 2020, Guia Ident. Anf. Goiás e Dist. Fed. Brasil Central: 115–116, provided an account (as Leptodactylus latrans). Pezzuti, Leite, Rossa-Feres, and Garcia, 2021, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 22 (Special Issue): 1–109, described and discussed larval morphology and natural history. Magalhães, Camurugi, Lyra, Baldo, Gehara, Haddad, and Garda, 2022, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 169 (107398): 1–15, reported on systematics, evolutionary history, and range. Santos, Feio, and Nomura, 2023, Biota Neotrop., 23 (3:e20231486): 1–43, characterized tadpole morphology as part of an identification key to the tadpoles of the Brazilian Cerrado. Vicente-Ferreira, Nascimento, Batista, Kardush, Reyes, and Garey, 2024, Biota Neotrop., 24(1: e20231526): 1–17, provided records from the Refúgio Biológico Bela Vista, Paraná, southern Brazil (adjacent to the Paraguay border), as well as providing identification keys to these species based on larval and adult morphology.

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