Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leptodactylus validus Garman, 1888

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Leptodactylidae > Subfamily: Leptodactylinae > Genus: Leptodactylus > Species: Leptodactylus validus

Leptodactylus validus Garman, 1888 "1887", Bull. Essex Inst., 19: 14. Syntypes: MCZ 2185 (42 specimens, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 294), ANSP 19425 and 26108 (according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 353), and UMMZ 55761 (3 specimens; according to Peters, 1952, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 539: 19); MCZ 71920 designated lectotype by Heyer, 1970, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 191: 21. See discussion by de Sá, Grant, Camargo, Heyer, Ponssa, and Stanley, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9(Spec. Issue 1): 86–87, for the confusion surrounding lectotype designations. Type locality: "Kingston, St. Vincent", Lesser Antilles.

Leptodactylus pallidirostris Lutz, 1930, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 23: 1-20. Syntypes: AL-MNRJ; AL-MNRJ 1829 designated lectotype by Heyer, 1994, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 546: 93. Type locality: "Kartarbo [= Kartabo]", Guyana. Synonymy by Yanek, Heyer, and de Sá, 2006, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 1: 192.

Common Names

Windward Islands Ditchfrog (Hedges, Powell, Henderson, Hanson, and Murphy, 2019, Caribb. Herpetol., 67: 14).

Distribution

Lowlands of northeastern Colombia (llanos), Venezuela and the Guianas, and north-central Roraima, Brazil, and the continental islands of Tobago and Trinidad, from elevations of 0–360 m; introduced on the Lesser Antillean islands of St. Vincent, Bequia, and Grenada.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela

Introduced: Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus wagneri (where it had been placed by Heyer, 1970, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 191: 17) by Heyer, 1994, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 546: 102-104, who provided an account and considered it to be in the Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex. Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 89-90, provided a brief account. Leptodactylus pallidirostris was removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus podicipinus (where it had been placed by Heyer, 1970, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 191: 22) by Heyer, 1994, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 546: 93, who provided an account and considered it to be in the Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 254-255, provided a brief account for Leptodactylus pallidirostris for French Guiana. Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 63-64, commented on distribution of Leptodactylus pallidirostrisin Venezuela. Barrio-Amorós, 1999 "1998", Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 18: 46, noted an undescribed species, related to Leptodactylus pallidirostris, in the vicinity of Merida, Venezuela, being described by others. Yanek, Heyer, and de Sá, 2006, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 1: 192-201, demonstrated that Leptodactylus pallidirostris is conspecific with Leptodactylus validus and suggested that the Lesser Antillean part of the range was due to human introduction. Daudin and de Silva, 2007, Appl. Herpetol., 4: 163-175, reported on island distribution in the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles. Camargo, Heyer, and de Sá, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 571-579, reported on molecular phylogeography. See account for Suriname population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 266-268.See Cole, Townsend, Reynolds, MacCulloch, and Lathrop, 2013, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 125: 427-428, for brief account and records for Guyana. Henderson and Powell, 2009, Nat. Hist. Rept. Amph. W. Indies: 94, summarized the natural history literature. In the Leptodactylus melanonotus species group of de Sá, Grant, Camargo, Heyer, Ponssa, and Stanley, 2014, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 9(Spec. Issue 1): 1–123, and who provided a summary of relevant literature (adult and larval morphology, identification, advertisement call, and range) on p. 85–87. Acosta-Galvis and de Sá, 2018, ZooKeys, 737: 113–123, described the range in Colombia, discussed the call and life history and provided a range map for the entire species. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 97, for comments on range and literature. Carvalho, Fouquet, Lyra, Giaretta, Costa-Campos, Rodrigues, Haddad, and Ron, 2022, Syst. Biodiversity, 20 (1: 2089269): 1–31, reported on the systematics, phylogenetics, and advertisement call. Lescure, Dewynter, Frétey, Ineich, Ohler, Vidal, and De Massary, 2022, Bull. Soc. Herpetol. France, 181(5): 1–17, discussed the species and rejected its presence in French Guiana as based on misidentifications.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.