Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Guibemantis bicalcaratus (Boettger, 1913)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Mantellidae > Subfamily: Mantellinae > Genus: Guibemantis > Species: Guibemantis bicalcaratus

Rhacophorus bicalcaratus Boettger, 1913, in Voeltzkow (ed.), Reise Ost-Afr., 3(4): 320. Syntypes: SMF 1077.5A (23 specimens); SMF 6811 designated lectotype by Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 48. Type locality: "Insel Ste. Marie", Madagascar.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) bicalcaratus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 194.

Gephyromantis bicalcaratus — Guibé, 1975 "1974", Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 266: 1761; Guibé, 1978, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 11: 55.

Mantidactylus bicalcaratus — Blommers-Schlösser, 1979, Beaufortia, 29: 50; Glaw and Vences, 1992, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Madagascar: 276.

Mantidactylus (Blommersia) bicalcaratus — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 311.

Mantidactylus (Pandanusicola) bicalcaratus — Glaw and Vences, 1994, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Madagascar, Ed. 2: 400.

Guibemantis (Pandanusicola) bicalcaratus — Vences and Glaw, 2006, in Vences et al. (eds.), Calls Frogs Madagascar: 16. Glaw and Vences, 2006, Organisms Divers. Evol., 6: 246; by implication; Glaw and Vences, 2006, Organisms Divers. Evol., Electron. Suppl., 11(1): 2.

Common Names

Sainte Marie Madagascar Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 101 [appropriateness of this name is now questionable as the mainland populations are now referred to Guibemantis methueni]).

Distribution

Nosy Boraha on the northeastern Madagascar coast, although expected on the adjacent mainland.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Madagascar

Endemic: Madagascar

Comment

Prior to the revision by Glaw and Vences, 2006, Organisms Divers. Evol., 6: 236–253, in the Mantidactylus (Blommersia) pulcher group of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 311. Lehtinen, Nussbaum, Richards, Cannatella, and Vences, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44: 1121–1129, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that more than one species masquerades under this name. Glaw and Vences, 2007, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Madagascar, Ed. 3: 202–203, provided an account and noted three similar unnamed species in east-central and southeastern Madagascar. Vences, Rakotoarison, Rakotondrazafy, Ratsoavina, Randrianiaina, Glaw, Lehtinen, and Raxworthy, 2013, Vert. Zool., Senckenberg, 63: 193–205, redelimited and rediagnosed the species, restricted its occurrence of Nosy Boraha and excluded Guibemantis methueni from the synonymy, which then became the name for the relatively wide-ranging mainland populations.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.