Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leptobrachium ailaonicum (Yang, Chen, and Ma, 1983)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Leptobrachiinae > Genus: Leptobrachium > Species: Leptobrachium ailaonicum

Vibrissaphora ailaonica Yang, Chen, and Ma In Yang, Ma, Li, and Chen, 1983, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 8: 325. Holotype: KIZ 8200490, by original designation. Type locality: "Xujiaba, Mt. Ailao, Jingdong County, Yunnan, altitude 2400 m", China.

Leptobrachium (Leptobrachium) ailaonicum — Dubois, 1983, Alytes, 2: 148.

Vibrissaphora ailaonica — Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 125.

Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) echinatum Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 4. Holotype: MNHNP 1998.0116, by original designation. Type locality: "Fan Si Pan mountain range (22° 19′ N, 103° 47′; 2090 m), near Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam". Synonymy by Zheng, Li, and Fu, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 704.

Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) ailaonicum — Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 26; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 12Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun Imbun, Shimada, Ahmad, Belabut, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 269.

Vibrissaphora echinata — Frost, 2004, Amph. Spec. World, vers. 3.0; Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 443.

Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) echinatum — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 12; Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun Imbun, Shimada, Ahmad, Belabut, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 269.

Leptobrachium ailaonicum — Rao and Wilkinson, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 69.

Leptobrachium echinatum — Rao and Wilkinson, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 69.

Common Names

Ailao Spiny Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 87).

Ailao Moustache Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 94).

Yunnan Moustache Toad (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 16).

Distribution

West of the Red River on Mount Ailao and the ridgeline including Mount Wuliang in Yunnan, China, and in northern Vietnam (Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Yen Bai, and Son La provinces), 1900–2500 m elevations; east of the Red River in Wenshan and Pingbian, Yunnan, China, presumably in associated high elevation areas.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of, Vietnam

Comment

Related to Vibrissaphora boringii, according to the original publication. See account by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 149. Grosjean, 2001, Zoosystema, 23: 143–156, described larval morphology (as Leptobrachium echinatum). See also redescription and Vietnam record by Ho, Lathrop, Murphy, and Orlov, 1999, Russ. J. Herpetol., 6: 48–54, who suggested that Vibrissaphora echinata is a synonym of Vibrissaphora ailaonica although Ohler, Marquis, Swan, and Grosjean, 2000, Herpetozoa, Wien, 13: 78–79, rejected this. But, the molecular evidence of Zheng, Li, and Fu, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 704, confirmed the synonymy.. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 94–95, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 16, provided specific localities for Vietnam (including Leptobrachium echinatum as a synonym) and (p. 147) a photograph. In the Vibrissaphora boringii group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 70. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 37, provided a brief account for Yunnan, China. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Vibrissaphora echinata) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 443. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 625. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 267–273, provided an account (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica) and a spot map. Zhang, Rao, Yang, Yu, and Wilkinson, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 54: 47–58, reported on molecular phylogeography and suggested that it may be composed of more than one species. Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun Imbun, Shimada, Ahmad, Belabut, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 268, noted that the low divergence level between nominal Leptobrachium echinatum and Leptobrachium ailaonicum was not strong evidence for species status. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 161, provided a brief account (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica) including photographs of specimens and habitat. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2012, Colored Atlas Chinese Amph. Distr.: 189, provided an account (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica), photographs, and a range map for China. Pham, Pham, Doan, Ziegler, and Nguyen, 2019, Biodiversity Data J., 7 (e39140): 1–18, reported the species from Son La Province, northwestern Vietnam. Luong, Pham, Do, Hoang, Phan, Nguyen, Ziegler, and Le, 2021, Check List, 17: 445–448, provided Lau Chau province, Vietnam, records. Pham, Nguyen, Tran, Le, Nguyen, Nguyen, Pham, Dang, and Doan, 2023, VNU J. Sci. Earth Environ. Sci., 39: 53–61, provided a record for Son La Province, Vietnam.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China