Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Leptobrachium montanum Fischer, 1885

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Leptobrachiinae > Genus: Leptobrachium > Species: Leptobrachium montanum

Leptobrachium montanum Fischer, 1885, Arch. Naturgesch., 51: 44. Holotype: BMNH 1886.5.15.10, reregistered as BMNH 1947.2.5 according to Inger, Stuebing, and Tan, 1995, Raffles Bull. Zool., 43: 125, and museum records. Type locality: "Pramassan-Alai Gebirge", southeastern Borneo [Indonesia].

Leptobrachium montanum — Dring, 1982, in Anderson et al. (eds.), Gunung Mulu National Park: 293.

Leptobrachium (Leptobrachium) montanum — Inger, 1983, in Rhodin and Miyata (eds.), Adv. Herpetol. Evol. Biol.: 16; Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 25; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 12.

Common Names

Mountain Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86).

Mountain Litter Frog (Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 34).

Mountain Large-eyed Litter Frog (Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 169).

Distribution

Montane Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei (Labi), and Kalimantan (Indonesia), Borneo.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah)

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Leptobrachium hasseltii by Dring, 1982, in Anderson et al. (eds.), Gunung Mulu National Park: 345. ., and Inger, 1983, in Rhodin and Miyata (eds.), Adv. Herpetol. Evol. Biol.: 16, where it had been placed by Boulenger, 1886, Zool. Rec., 22: 24; Boulenger, 1889, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 27: 750. See discussion in Inger, Stuebing, and Tan, 1995, Raffles Bull. Zool., 43: 123–125, for discussion of nomenclatural assignment. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 72–73. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 95–97, provided an account. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 34, provided a photograph and a brief account. Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun Imbun, Shimada, Ahmad, Belabut, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 259–272, provided molecular evidence that nominal Leptobrachium montanum is a composed of more than one lineage. Hamidy, Matsui, Shimada, Nishikawa, Yambun Imbun, Sudin, Kusrini, and Kurniati, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 904–913, suggested that Leptobrachium is a complex of species interdigitated phylogenetically with other lineages currently assigned to Leptobrachium abbottii, Leptobrachium gunungense, Leptobrachium tagbanorum, and Leptobrachium mangyanorum. These are: (1) a population in southern Kalimantan (which takes the name Leptobrachium montanum); (2, 3) two lineages in Sarawak; (4) a lineage in eastern Kalimantan; (5) a lineage in Sabah. Composed of multiple lineages and in the Leptobrachium montanum complex of Al-Razi, Maria, and Poyarkov, 2021, J. Nat. Hist., London, 55: 85–114, who reported on molecular systematics. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 169–171, summarized the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Fauzan, Farajallah, and Hamidy, 2023, Treubia, 50: 89–110, reported on morphological differentia among Indonesian species.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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