Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Scutiger occidentalis Dubois, 1978

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Megophryidae > Subfamily: Leptobrachiinae > Genus: Scutiger > Species: Scutiger occidentalis

Scutiger occidentalis Dubois, 1978, Senckenb. Biol., 59: 164. Holotype: MNHNP 1977.1069, by original designation. Type locality: "un torrent sous le village de Shukdhari, 2920–2940 m, près de Sonamarg, Cochemire (Jammu and Kashmir, India)".

Scutiger (Scutiger) occidentalis — Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 478; Fei, Ye, and Li, 1989, Acta Zool. Sinica, 35: 387; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 13.

Common Names

Ladakh Pelobatid Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63).

Ladakh High Altitude Toad (Anders, 2002, in Schleich and Kästle (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nepal: 178).

Asian Lazy Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 87).

Western Pelobatid Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63).

Ladakh Spade Foot Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 5).

Distribution

Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, and Ladakh in Kashmir and Trakar Rani Kot in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India, Pakistan

Comment

Considered a synonym of Scutiger nyingchiensis by Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 19, but variably treated as distinct or as a synonym of that species without critical discussion until the publication of Hofmann, Stöck, Zheng, Ficetola, Li, Scheidt, and Schmidt, 2017, Sci. Rep. (Nature, London), 7 (3308): 1–12, which provided molecular evidence for the distinctiveness of the taxon See discussion by Fei and Ye, 2016, Amph. China, 1: 587. See Shah and Tiwari, 2004, Herpetofauna Nepal: 45, for brief account for Nepal (as Scutiger nyingchinensis). Khan, 2005, Bonnoprani-Bangladesh Wildl. Bull., 2: 3, Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 53, and Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 53, provided brief accounts (as Scutiger nyingchinensis) for Pakistan. Khan, 2005, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 40: 70–72, provided records from Pakistan. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature. Ficetola, Crottini, Casiraghi, and Padoa-Schioppa, 2010, North-West. J. Zool., Romania, 6: 1–12, reported Scutiger cf. nyingchinensis in northern Pakistan and discussed the range. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 13, provided a brief account (as Scutiger nyichiensis) for the Indian population. See comment under Scutiger nyichiensis for more on range. Litvinchuk, Borkin, and Hofmann, 2019, Russ. J. Herpetol., 26: 17–22, reported the species from Himanchal Pradesh, India, and modeled the expected range. See Khatiwada, Shu, Subedi, Wang, Ohler, Cannatella, Xie, and Jiang, 2019, Asian Herpetol. Res., 10: 139–157, for comments on morphology. Treated as a synonym of Scutiger nyingchiensis by Che, Jiang, Yan, and Zhang, 2020, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 81, without reference to the publication of Hofmann, Stöck, Zheng, Ficetola, Li, Scheidt, and Schmidt, 2017, Sci. Rep. (Nature, London), 7 (3308): 1–12. Rais, Ahmed, Sajjad, Akram, Saeed, Hamid, and Abid, 2021, ZooKeys, 1062: 157–175, included this species in an identification key to the amphibian species of Pakistan as well as providing a photograph.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist