Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Barygenys Parker, 1936

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Asterophryinae > Genus: Barygenys

9 species

Barygenys Parker, 1936, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 17: 73. Type species: Barygenys cheesmanae Parker, 1936, by original designation.

Common Names

Papua Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 87).

Distribution

High elevations of the western highlands of Papua New Guinea to the Louisiade Archipelago.

Comment

See Zweifel, 1981 "1980", Pacific Sci., 34: 269-275, for a key to species and cladogram. See comments under Asterophryinae and Genyophryninae. Köhler and Günther, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 47: 353-365, on the basis of molecular evidence suggested that Barygenys is phylogenetically imbedded within a nonmonophyletic "Cophixalus". Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their molecular study, did not reject this due to reduced taxon sampling. Rivera, Kraus, Allison, and Butler, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 112: 7, questioned the monophyly of this genus. Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 418, found their three exemplars of Barygenys (Barygenys flavigularis, Barygenys cheesmanae, and Barygenys exsul) did not form a monophyletic group, Barygenys flavigularis being the sister of Cophixalus sphagnicolus, Barygenys cheesmanae being the sister of of a collection of various Cophixlaus, Paedophryne, and Barygenys, and Barygenys exsul being the sister of three species of Paedophryne. In order to resolve the hot mess that Asterophryinae presents regarding generic boundaries, these authors placed all asterophryine genera, with the exception of Gastrophrynoides, into Asterophrys. While this does resolve one problem, it just trades it for another. One hopes that the generic boundaries can be resolved in the near future.

Contained taxa (9 sp.):

Barygenys apodasta Kraus, 2013

Barygenys atra (Günther, 1896)

Barygenys cheesmanae Parker, 1936

Barygenys exsul Zweifel, 1963

Barygenys flavigularis Zweifel, 1972

Barygenys maculata Menzies and Tyler, 1977

Barygenys nana Zweifel, 1972

Barygenys parvula Zweifel, 1981

Barygenys resima Kraus, 2013

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