Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Kalophrynus pleurostigma Tschudi, 1838

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Kalophryninae > Genus: Kalophrynus > Species: Kalophrynus pleurostigma

Kalophrynus pleurostigma Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 86. Type(s): RMNH; RMNH 2279 considered holotype by Gassó Miracle, van den Hoek Ostende, and Arntzen, 2007, Zootaxa, 1482: 47. Zug and Kaiser, 2013, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 70: 86-88, requested that the ICZN permit designation of USNM 36645 as neotype inasmuch as the holotype is unidentifiable. This request not approved by Anonymous, 2017, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 74: 127–129. Type locality: "Sumatra", Indonesia. Potential neotype from "'Aru Bay, East Sumatra' (approx. 98° 15′ E, 4° 10′ N, Sumatera, Utar Province", Indonesia.

Bombinator pleurostigma Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 86. Name attributed to Müller, coined as an objective synonym of Kalophrynus pleurostigma to reference jar label name of types in the RMNH.

Bombinator pleurostigma — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 646.

Calophrynus pleurostigma — Peters, 1871, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1871: 579; Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 263.

Calophryne pleurostigma — Boulenger, 1903, in Annandale and Robinson (eds.), Fasciculi Malayenses, 2(1): 172.

Kalophrynus acutirostris — Taylor, 1920, Philipp. J. Sci., 16: 328, 331.

Calophrynus acutirostris — Nieden, 1926, Das Tierreich, 49: 18.

Kalophrynus pleurostigma — Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 25, 39; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 102.

Kalophrynus pleurostigma pleurostigma — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 97.

Common Names

Rufous-sided Sticky Frog (Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 52).

Distribution

Known definitely from Sumatra (Indonesia); records require verification from southern Myanmar and Thailand, Malaya, Borneo, Java, and southern Philippines (including Mindanao and Cebu). Reported from Laut I., Natuna Is., Indonesia. See comment.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Philippines, Thailand

Comment

All literature addressing populations away from Sumatra should be used with caution. See Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 416–420, for discussion of Philippine populations. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 41, provided a photograph and a brief account for a population in Brunei. Matsui, Chan-ard, and Nabhitabhata, 1996, Copeia, 1996: 440–445, described the advertisement call. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 129, detailed the distribution in Thailand (identification now unclear: DRF). Matsui, Nishikawa, Belabut, Ahmad, and Yong, 2012, Zootaxa, 3155: 38–46, noted that many records of this species from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia are probably attributable to Kalophrynus limbooliati. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 52–53, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia, and by Sumarli, Grismer, Anuar, Muin, and Quah, 2015, Check List, 11(4, Art. 1679): 9, who reported specimens from Lata Tembaka, Lata Belatan, and the base of Mount Lawit, Terregganu, West Malaysia, and briefly reported on their morphology and habitat. See account by Zug, 2015, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 62: 173–175, who redelimited the species and suggested that the Javan population represents an unnamed species or that reports have been based on misidentifed Kalophrynus minusculus. Matsui, Eto, Belabut, and Nishikawa, 2017, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 36: 85, noted that records from the Malay Peninsula (and presumably including Singapore) actually represent Kalophrynus kiewi, and discussed uncertainties of identifications outside of Sumatra. Herlambang, Riyanto, Munir, Hamidy, Kimura, Eto, and Mumpuni, 2022, Treubia, 49: 78, discussed a report of the species from Laut I., Natuna Is., Indonesia.

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist