Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Microhylidae > Subfamily: Microhylinae > Genus: Microhyla > Species: Microhyla achatina

Hysaplesia achatina Boie in Schlegel, 1826, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol., Paris, Ser. 2, 9: 239. Nomen nudum.

Hylaplesia achatina Boie in Schlegel, 1826, Isis von Oken, 20: 294. Nomen nudum attributed to Boie. Synonymy by Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 71; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 166.

Microhyla achatina Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 28, 71. Syntypes: RMNH 1728 (5 specimens), WCAB (1 specimen) (now in MZUSP), and IRSNB 1.722 (1 specimen exchanged from RMNH), according to Lang, 1990, Doc. Trav., Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg., 59: 10; possibly including BMNH 44.2.22.97 (on exchange from RMNH), according to Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 136. Type locality: "Java", Indonesia.

Micrhyla achatina — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 614; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 121.

Hyla achatina — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 614.

Dendromanes achatinus — Gistel, 1848, Naturgesch. Thierr.: 11.

Diplopelma disciferum Peters, 1867, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867: 36. Syntypes: unspecified number in ZMB and MLU; ZMB 4434 designated lectotype by Bauer, Günther, and Robeck, 1996, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 72: 263; see also Bauer, 2016, in Das and Tuen (eds.), Nat. Explor. Field Sci. SE Asia Australasia: 93. Type locality: "Java", Indonesia. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 166.

Engystoma disciferum — Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 194.

Microhyla achatina — Parker, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 10, 2: 489.

Microhyla (Microhyla) achatina — Dubois, 1987, Alytes, 6: 3.

English Names

Java Rice Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 90).

Javan Chorus Frog (Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 56).

Javanese Narrow-mouthed Frog (McKay, 2006, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Bali: 34).

Distribution

Java (below 1600 m. elevation), Indonesia.

Comment

Subgenus Microhyla, Microhyla achatina group. See account by Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 56-57. See identification table by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 46, to compare this species with other microhylids in the Sunda Shelf region. McKay, 2006, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Bali: 34, provided a brief account and photograph. Records for Bali were reassigned to Microhyla orientalis by Matsui, Hamidy, and Eto, 2013, Zootaxa, 3670: 579–590. Manthey and Denzer, 2014, Sauria, Berlin, 36: 3–21, provided some morphology and color notes in comparison with Microhyla palmipes, suggesting that there may be taxonomic problems on the island of Java. Firdaus, Ratih, Karima, Kusuma, and Suastika, 2018, Bioinform. Biomed. Res. J., 1: 1–6, reported on the mtDNA phylogenetic relationships of the species of Microhyla within Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and peninsular Malaysia, placing this species as the sister of Microhyla borneensis + (Microhyla mantheyi + (Microhyla borneensis + Microhyla malang). In the Microhyla achatina species group of Garg, Suyesh, Das, Jiang, Wijayathilaka, Amarasinghe, Alhadi, Vineeth, Aravind, Senevirathne, Meegaskumbura, and Biju, 2018 "2019", Vert. Zool., Senckenberg, 69: 1–71. Gorin, Solovyeva, Hasan, Okamiya, Karunarathna, Pawangkhanant, de Silva, Juthong, Milto, Nguyen, Suwannapoom, Haas, Bickford, Das, and Poyarkov, 2020, PeerJ, 8 (e9411): 1–47, placed this species in their Microhyla achatina group and noted that it is composed of two cryptic species. See brief account for East Java by Amin, 2020, Frogs of East Java: 49–52.

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