Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Notaden melanoscaphus Hosmer, 1962

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Superfamily: Myobatrachoidea > Family: Limnodynastidae > Genus: Notaden > Species: Notaden melanoscaphus

Notaden melanoscaphus Hosmer, 1962, Am. Mus. Novit., 2077: 2. Holotype: NMV D10144 (formerly AMNH 67161),by original designation. Type locality: "Borroloola, latitude 16° 15′ S, longitude 136° 20′ E, Northern Territory, Australia".

Common Names

Northern Spadefoot Toad (Cogger, 1975, Rept. Amph. Australia: 72; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 104; ; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 95; Barker, Grigg, and Tyler, 1995, Field Guide Aust. Frogs., Ed. 2: 239; Reynolds, 2007, N. Terr. Nat., 19: 63; Tyler and Knight, 2009, Field Guide Frogs Aust.: 96; Cogger, 2018, Rept. Amph. Australia, 7th ed.: 62).

Northern Spadefoot (Tyler and Doughty, 2009, Field Guide Frogs W. Aust., 4th ed.: 104).

Brown Orbfrog (Ingram, Nattrass, and Czechura, 1993, Mem. Queensland Mus., 33: 223; Reynolds, 2007, N. Terr. Nat., 19: 63).

Black-tipped Spadefoot (Reynolds, 2007, N. Terr. Nat., 19: 63).

Northern Round Frog (Reynolds, 2007, N. Terr. Nat., 19: 63).

Whooping Frog (Reynolds, 2007, N. Terr. Nat., 19: 63).

Distribution

Kimberley Division of Western Australia, east through the northern portion of the Northern Territory and Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Australia

Endemic: Australia

Comment

See account by Tyler and Doughty, 2009, Field Guide Frogs W. Aust., 4th ed.: 104. See brief account by Tyler and Knight, 2009, Field Guide Frogs Aust.: 96–97. Cutajar, Portway, Gillard, and Rowley, 2022, Tech. Rep. Aust. Mus. Online, 36: 37, provided a polygon distribution map.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist