Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Sandyrana Wells and Wellington, 1985

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Pelodryadidae > Genus: Sandyrana

14 species

Sandyrana Wells and Wellington, 1985, Aust. J. Herpetol., Suppl. Ser., 1: 6. Type species: Hyla infrafrenata Günther, 1867, by original designation.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

North-eastern Australia, New Guinea and surrounding islands, the Bismarck and Admiralty Archipelagos, the Indonesian provinces of East Nusa Tenggara and Maluku, and introduced into Java.

Comment

As originally conceived the taxon was largely ignored by Australian herpetologists. For background see Tyler, 1985, Herpetol. Rev., 16: 69; Australian Society of Herpetologists, 1987, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 44: 116–121; Tyler, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45: 152; Holthius, 1988, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 45: xx, and decision by ICZN (Anonymous, 1991, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 48: 337–338). Synonymy with Nyctimystes by Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 39. Donnellan, Mahony, Esquerré, Brennan, Price, Lemmon, Lemmon, Günther, Monis, Bertozzi, Keogh, Shea, and Richards, 2025, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 204(2: zlaf015): 1–80, redelimited Nyctimystes to a morphologically-diagnosable monophyletic unit, requiring the recognition of its sister taxon Sandyrana, and placed this genus in their Sylvagemma–Nyctimystes clade

Contained taxa (14 sp.):

Sandyrana azureoscelis (Günther, Richards, Hamidy, Trilaksono, Sulaeman, and Oliver, 2023)

Sandyrana dux (Richards and Oliver, 2006)

Sandyrana graminea (Boulenger, 1905)

Sandyrana hunti (Richards, Oliver, Dahl, and Tjaturadi, 2006)

Sandyrana infrafrenata (Günther, 1867)

Sandyrana lubisi (Oliver, Günther, Tjaturadi, and Richards, 2021)

Sandyrana multicolor (Günther, 2004)

Sandyrana nullicedens (Kraus, 2018)

Sandyrana pallidofemora (Kraus, 2018)

Sandyrana pterodactyla (Oliver, Richards, and Donnellan, 2019)

Sandyrana purpureolata (Oliver, Richards, Tjaturadi, and Iskandar, 2007)

Sandyrana sanguinolenta (Van Kampen, 1909)

Sandyrana sauroni (Richards and Oliver, 2006)

Sandyrana tenuigranulata (Boettger, 1895)

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