Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phrynobatrachus parvulus (Boulenger, 1905)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Phrynobatrachidae > Genus: Phrynobatrachus > Species: Phrynobatrachus parvulus

Arthroleptis parvulus Boulenger, 1905, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, 16: 109. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.6.93–96 (formerly 1904.5.2.97–100) and FMNH (1 specimen), according to Grandison, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 449, and museum records. Type locality: "Bange Ngola", northeastern Loanda, Angola.

Arthroleptis schoutedeni De Witte, 1921, Rev. Zool. Afr., 9: 13. Syntypes: MRAC (5 specimens), by original designation. Type locality: "Lofoï (Katanga [Province])", Dem. Rep. Congo. Synonymy by Schmidt and Inger, 1959, Explor. Parc Natl. Upemba, Miss. G.F. de Witte, 56: 161.

Pararthroleptis schoutedeni — Ahl, 1925 "1923", Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1923: 104.

Phrynobatrachus (Pararthroleptis) schoutedeni — Laurent, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 205.

Phrynobatrachus (Pararthroleptis) parvulus — Laurent, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 206.

Phrynobatrachus ukingensis nyikae Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 380. Holotype: MCZ 27609, by original designation. Type locality: "from marshy ground on the Nyika Plateau about Nchenachena, at 7000 feet, Nyasaland [Malawi]". Synonymy with Phrynobatrachus ukingensis mababiensis by Poynton, 1964, Senckenb. Biol., 45: 195. Transferred to synonymy of Phrynobatrachus parvulus by Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 170.

Phrynobatrachus parvulus — Poynton, 1982, S. Afr. J. Zool., 17: 71.

Common Names

Dwarf Puddle Frog (Lambiris, 1990 "1989", Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 10: 126; Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 308; Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 287).

Loanda River Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 104).

Small Puddle Frog (Du Preez and Carruthers, 2017, Frogs S. Afr., Compl. Guide: 320).

Little Puddle Frog (Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 306).

Distribution

Mainly upland areas of Angola, northern Botswana, northern Zimbabwe, Zambia, southeastern Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi, and Tanzania; presumably in the eastern Caprivi Strip of Namibia and eastern Mozambique.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Likely/Controversially Present: Mozambique, Namibia

Comment

Reviewed by Schmidt and Inger, 1959, Explor. Parc Natl. Upemba, Miss. G.F. de Witte, 56: 160–165. See Poynton and Broadley, 1985, Ann. Natal Mus., 27: 169–171, for account and discussion of previous confusion in the application of this name. Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 308–309, also provided an account. See comments under Phrynobatrachus mababiensis and Phrynobatrachus cryptotis. See Stewart and Wilson, 1966, Ann. Natal Mus., 18: 287–313, for account of Phrynobatrachus ukingensis nyikae. Auerbach, 1987, Amph. Rept. Botswana: 53, provided a summary account and grid map for Botswana. Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 287–288, and Pickersgill, 2007, Frog Search: 184–187, provided accounts. Frétey, 2008, Alytes, 25: 99–172, summarized the literature. In species group B of Zimkus, Rödel, and Hillers, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 55: 883–900. Mercurio, 2011, Amph. Malawi: 230, provided an account for Malawi. Du Preez and Carruthers, 2017, Frogs S. Afr., Compl. Guide: 320–321, provided an account, including a polygon range map, photograph, identification features, adult and larval morphology, habitat, and call. Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn, and Bauer, 2018, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 65 (Suppl. II): 138–139, provided a map for Angola and brief discussion of the literature, noting the problematic nature of identifications. See Bittencourt-Silva, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (2: e181): 89, briefly discussed confusion with Phrynobatrachus mababiensis in western Zambia. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 306–307, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. In the Phrynobatrachus calcaratus group of Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019, ZooKeys, 824: 53–70.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.