Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Günther, 1858)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Phrynobatrachidae > Genus: Phrynobatrachus > Species: Phrynobatrachus plicatus

Hyperolius plicatus Günther, 1858, Arch. Naturgesch., 24: 326. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2.29.47 (formerly 1849.10.9.1), according to Grandison, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 449. Type locality: "Guinea"; later rendered as "Coast of Guinea" by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 88.

Staurois plicatus — Cope, 1865, Nat. Hist. Rev., N.S., 5: 117.

Heteroglossa plicata — Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 198.

Arthroleptis plicata — Peters, 1875, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1875: 210.

Phrynobatrachus plicatus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 112; Deckert, 1938, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 133, 161.

Hyperolius (Arthroleptis) plicatus — Knauer, 1878, Naturgesch. Lurche: 111.

Phrynobatrachus (Phrynobatrachus) plicatus — Laurent, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 34: 199.

Phrynobatrachus aelleni Loveridge, 1955, Rev. Suisse Zool., 62: 145. Holotype: MHNG 1056.97 according to Schätti, Perret, and Mariaux, 2002, Cat. Comm. Types Amph. Rept. Mus. Hist. Nat. Geneve, Vers. 4.0 (Jan. 2002): 16. Type locality: "temporary pool on a forest trail near the research centre (C.S.R.S.) to the west of Abidjan, Ivory Coast". Synonymy by Lamotte and Xavier, 1966, Bull. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire, Ser. A, 28: 1606.

Phrynobatrachus plicatus plicatus — Perret, 1966, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 93: 355 [by implication].

Common Names

Coast River Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 104).

Distribution

Forests of West Africa from Sierra Leone (see comment) and Liberia through southern Ivory Coast, western Togo, apparently absent from Benin, and to southern Nigeria.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo

Comment

See De Witte, 1941, Explor. Parc Natl. Albert, Miss. G.F. de Witte (1933–1935), 33: 73–74, and Lamotte and Xavier, 1966, Bull. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire, Ser. A, 28: 1606, for accounts. See comment under Phrynobatrachus auritus. Schiøtz, 1963, Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., 125: 39–41, provided records for Nigeria (as Phrynobatrachus plicatus and Phrynobatrachus aelleni). Frétey, 2008, Alytes, 25: 99–172, summarized the literature. Rödel, Ofori-Boateng, Penner, and Hillers, 2009, Zootaxa, 1970: 52–62, mapped the distribution. Onadeko and Rödel, 2009, Salamandra, 45: 1–14, provided a record for southwestern Nigeria. Hillers, Ofori-Boateng, Segniagbeto, Agyei, and Rödel, 2009, Zoosyst. Evol., Berlin, 85: 127–141, provided new records in central Ghana. In species group C of Zimkus, Rödel, and Hillers, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 55: 883–900. Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn, and Bauer, 2018, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 65 (Suppl. II): 148–149, provided a map for Angola and brief discussion of the literature, noting that the one record from the Cabina enclave, Angola, is probably referable to Phrynobatrachus auritus. Rödel and Glos, 2019, Zoosyst. Evol., 95: 26, reported this species from the Krahn-Bassa Proposed Protected Area in southeastern Liberia and commented on identification and habitat preference. These authors also noted a genetically distinct but morphologically almost identifical unnamed species from the same region. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 278–279, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map and noted (pp. 276–277) an unnamed cryptic species, the Gold Puddle Frog (Phrynobatrachus sp. 'Gola') found in westernmost Liberia and adjacent Sierra Leone. In the Phrynobatrachus natalensis group of Goutte, Reyes-Velasco, and Boissinot, 2019, ZooKeys, 824: 53–70.

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.