Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Phyllomedusa bicolor (Boddaert, 1772)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Phyllomedusidae > Genus: Phyllomedusa > Species: Phyllomedusa bicolor

Rana bicolor Boddaert, 1772, Epist. Rana bicolore: 15. Type(s): Not known to exist (originally in collection of Johann Albert Schlosser). Type locality: "Guinea" or "Surinamo"; restricted to "Surinam" by Funkhouser, 1957, Occas. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Stanford Univ., 5: 38.

Calamita bicolor — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 156.

Hyla bicolor — Daudin, 1800, Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip., Livr. 1: 3, pl. 1, 2; Latreille in Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801 "An. X", Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 174; Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 22; Oken, 1816, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3(2): 223, a subsequent usage, given that the type localities and measurements given are identical to those provided by Boddaert, 172; Gistel nn Gistel and Bromme, 1850, Handb. Naturgesch.: 331.

Phyllomedusa bicolor — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 201; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 427.

Rana (Phyllomedusa) bicolor — Guérin-Méneville, 1838, Icon. Regne Animal, 3: 16.

Phyllomedusa boiei Fitzinger, 1861 "1860", Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 42: 412. Synonymy by Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 67.

Pithecopus scleroderma Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 112. Holotype: ANSP 2173, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 352. Type locality: "Surinam". Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 427.

Phyllomedusa (Phyllomedusa) bicolor — Lutz, 1950, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 48: 619.

English Names

Blue-and-Yellow Frog (Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 126; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 67).

Bicoloured Tree-frog (Wood, 1863, Illust. Nat. Hist., 3: 173).

Giant Monkey Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 62).

Distribution

Amazon Basin in Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, and Venezuela; the Guianan regions of Venezuela and the Guianas; possibly to be found in eastern Ecuador.

Comment

See accounts by Duellman, 1974, Herpetologica, 30: 105–112, and Lescure, Marty, Marty, Starace, Thomay, and Letellier, 1995, Rev. Fr. Aquar. Herpetol., 22: 35–50. Zimmerman, 1983, Herpetologica, 39: 235–246, and Zimmerman and Bogart, 1984, Acta Amazonica, 14: 473–520, reported on vocalization. Rodríguez and Duellman, 1994, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 22: 44–45, provided a brief account for the Iquitos region of northeastern Peru. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 100–101, provided a brief account and photo. Not assigned to species group by Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 117–118. Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park: 192–193, provided an account. See account for Suriname population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 204–207. Barrio-Amorós, 2009, Mem. Fund. La Salle Cienc. Nat., 171: 19–46, discussed the biology and range in Venezuela. Pinto, Py-Daniel, and Menin, 2013, S. Am. J. Herpetol., 8: 67–72, reported on larval morphology. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 107, for comments on range and literature. For identification of larvae in central Amazonia, Brazil, see Hero, 1990, Amazoniana, 11: 201–262. Mota, Kaefer, Nunes, Lima, and Farias, 2020, Amphibia-Reptilia, 41: 349–359, provided molecular evidence for this nominal species to be composed of at least two, but possibly more, cryptic species.

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