Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pithecopus Cope, 1866

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Phyllomedusidae > Genus: Pithecopus

12 species

Pithecopus Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 86. Type species: Phyllomedusa azurea Cope, 1862, by original designation.

Bradymedusa Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 104. Type species: Bradymedusa moschata Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (= Phyllomedusa rohdei), by subsequent designation of Funkhouser, 1957, Occas. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Stanford Univ., 5: 18. Synonymy with Phyllomedusa by Mertens, 1926, Senckenb. Biol., 8: 137-155; with Pithecopus by implication of Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 32.

Common Names

None noted.

Distribution

Tropical South America east of the Andes from southern Venezuela to northern Argentina

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Phyllomedusa by Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016, Zootaxa, 4104: 32, where it had been placed by Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 83, andDuellman, 1968, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 6. The former Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group; see comment under Phyllomedusa for relevant literature. Röhr, Camurugi, Paterno, Gehara, Juncá, Álvares, Brandão, and Garda, 2020, Canad. J. Zool., 98: 495–504, reported on the evolution and causes of variability of advertisement call in the Brazilian species. Araújo, Magalhães, Santos, Dubeux, Strüssmann, Lima, Lucas, Orrico, Baêta, Costa, and Pezzuti, 2025, Herpetol. Monogr., 39: 56–99, reviewed larval morphology of the species of Pithecopus. Portik, Streicher, and Wiens, 2023, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 188 (107907): 67, recovered Pithcopus as polyphyletic, within a nonmonophyletic Phyllomedusa, but declined to make the taxonomic change without comment. Araújo, Carvalho, Silva, Oswald, Garda, Bruschi, Santos, and Magalhães, 2026, Herpetologica, 82: 1–9, compared the effectiveness of three mtDNA genes (16S, Co1, and Cyt-b) for species identification, showing 16S to be the least effective and CO1 the most effective, and discussed the logic of species identification via molecular data.

Contained taxa (12 sp.):

Pithecopus araguaius Haga, Andrade, Bruschi, Recco-Pimentel, and Giaretta, 2017

Pithecopus ayeaye Lutz, 1966

Pithecopus azureus (Cope, 1862)

Pithecopus centralis (Bokermann, 1965)

Pithecopus gonzagai Andrade, Haga, Ferreira, Recco-Pimentel, Toledo, and Bruschi, 2020

Pithecopus hypochondrialis (Daudin, 1800)

Pithecopus megacephalus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)

Pithecopus nordestinus (Caramaschi, 2006)

Pithecopus oreades (Brandão, 2002)

Pithecopus palliatus (Peters, 1873)

Pithecopus rohdei (Mertens, 1926)

Pithecopus rusticus (Bruschi, Lucas, Garcia, and Recco-Pimentel, 2014)

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