Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Hylarana > Species: Hylarana erythraea

Hyla erythraea Schlegel, 1837, Abbild. Neuer Unvollst. Amph., 1: 27. Syntypes: Deposition not stated, but including RMNH 1744 (4 specimens; Sumatra), 1746 (9 specimens; Sumatra), and 1749 (1 specimen; Sumatra) and MNHNP 4570–4572 from Java according to Ohler and Mallick, 2003 "2002", Hamadryad, 27: 63; Gassó Miracle, van den Hoek Ostende, and Arntzen, 2007, Zootaxa, 1482: 43, also regarded as syntypes RMNH 1744 (4 specimens; Sumatra) and 4265 (1 specimen; Java); Bauer, 2016, in Das and Tuen (eds.), Nat. Explor. Field Sci. SE Asia Australasia: 93, suggested ZMB 4463 as a possible syntype. Type localities: "Java" and "Sumatra", Indonesia.

Hylarana erythraea — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 37, 78; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 73; Bourret, 1939, Annexe Bull. Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi, 1939: 35; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 98; Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 368; Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 3; by implication.

Limnodytes erythraeus — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 511; Peters and Doria, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 13: 419.

Hylorana erythraea — Günther, 1864, Rept. Brit. India: 425; Fischer, 1885, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., 2: 80.

Rana erythraea — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 65; Boulenger, 1897, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897: 231.

Rana (Hylorana) erythraea — Boulenger In Mason, 1882, Burma, Ed. 3: 499; Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 125.

Rana (Hylarana) erythraea — Müller, 1887, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 8: 254; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 222; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, by implication; Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 328; Ohler and Mallick, 2003 "2002", Hamadryad, 27: 65.

Rana (Limnodytes) erythraea — Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 264.

Hylorana erythraea — Deckert, 1938, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 144.

Polypedates erythraea — Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 329.

Hylarana (Hylarana) erythraea — Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990, Key to Chinese Amph.: 139, by implication; Wu, Xu, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Murphy, Papenfuss, Lathrop, Kilunda, Gao, Yuan, Chen, Zhang, Zhao, Wang, Rahman, Nneji, Zhao, Wang, Jin, Zhang, and Che, 2024 "2025", Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 108223: 1–11, by implication.

Common Names

Green Grass Frog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 47). 

Red-eared Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 122; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 107).

Golden-lined Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 122; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 74).

Green Paddy Frog (Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 32; Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 67; Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 158; Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 72).

Common Greenback (Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 32; Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 67).

Green Lotus Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 113).

Green-backed Frog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 138).

Red-eared Copper-backed Frog (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 37; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 10).

Distribution

Cambodia; Laos (Luang Prabang and Champasak provinces); Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Penang, Peraki); Brunei and Sabah (Borneo); West and East Malaysia; Singapore; Thailand (Bangkok, Nakon Si Tamarat, Pakanam Kabin, Phu Kradung [but see comment]); Myanmar; Vietnam (Dien Bien and Lao Cai Provinces in the north southwards to Kien Giang Province); central Nicobar Islands, India; introduced on Philippines (Negros, Subayan, and Panay), New Guinea (Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia) and Sulawesi; possibly west of Thailand in Myanmar, eastern India, and Bangladesh (see comment) although these require genetic confirmation. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Singapore, Vietnam

Likely/Controversially Present: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand

Introduced: Indonesia, Indonesia - Papua Region, Philippines

Comment

 Philippine population discussed by Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 324–328. Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 417–420, discussed the Thailand populations; Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 183–184, provided an account for the Bornean population; and Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 67–68, discussed the Javan population. Discussed by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 329–334. See also Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 66–67, and Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 32.See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 107–108. Ferner, Brown, Sison, and Kennedy, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 45, suggested that this species is introduced on the Philippines. Records for Nepal, India, Myanmar, and Bangladesh refer to Rana tytleri according to Ohler and Mallick, 2003 "2002", Hamadryad, 27: 62, although these records were accepted at face value by Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 74. Reported for southwestern Cambodia by Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002, Raffles Bull. Zool., 50: 465–481. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 113, provided a brief characterization and photograph. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 160–161, provided an account. Stuart, 1999, in Duckworth et al. (eds.), Wildlife in Lao PDR: 48, commented briefly on range in Laos. Lever, 2003, Naturalized Rept. Amph. World: 201, commented on the introduced populations in the Philippines. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 138–139, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Teynié, David, Ohler, and Luanglath, 2004, Hamadryad, 29: 37, provided a record from Champasak Province and comments for Laos. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 27, provided specific localities for Vietnam. Reported for Pulau Langkawi, Kadeh, northwestern West Malaysia, by Grismer, Youmans, Wood, Ponce, Wright, Jones, Johnson, Sanders, Gower, Yaakob, and Lim, 2006, Hamadryad, 30: 61–74. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 158, provided a brief description. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 60, provided a photograph and brief account, as Rana erythraea. Neang and Holden, 2008, Field Guide Amph. Cambodia: 75, provided a photograph, brief account of identification, ecology, and range in Cambodia. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 78–79, provided a brief characterization and photograph (but see comment above regarding likelihood that the population in India is referable to Hylarana taipehensis). Sheridan, Bickford, and Su, 2010, Raffles Bull. Zool., 58: 369–379, reported on call similarity and genetic differences between populations in Singapore and Thailand. Zainudin, Nor, Ahmad, Md-Zain, and Rahman, 2010, Zool. Stud., Taipei, 49: 688–702, reported on molecular phylogeography in Malaysia. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. Wanger, Motzke, Saleh, and Iskandar, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 17–29, reported the species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted several larval descriptions in the literature. Gaulke, 2011, Herpetofauna Panay Island: 103–106, provided a brief account for Panay Island, Philippines. Thong-aree, Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J., 5: 99–106, reported the species from Bala Forest, Narathiwat, extreme southern Thailand. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 98–99, provided a photograph and brief account for the Eastern Region of Thailand. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 72–73, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Shahriza and Ibrahim, 2014, Check List, 10: 253–259, provided a photograph and brief natural history observations for a population in Kedah, West Malaysia. Harikrishnan and Vasudevan, 2018, Alytes, 36: 254–255, commented on the distribution and natural history in the Nicobar Islands, India. Haas, Kueh, Joseph, bin Asri, Das, Hagmann, Schwander, and Hertwig, 2018, Evol. Syst., 2: 89–114, provided a brief account of morphology and natural history for the Sabah population. Mulcahy, Lee, Miller, Chand, Thura, and Zug, 2018, ZooKeys, 757: 95, provided a genetically confirmed record from Taninthary Division, southern Myanmar. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 338–339, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai).  Hasan, Lai, Poyarkov, Ohler, Oliver, Kakehashi, Kurabayashi, and Sumida, 2019, Alytes, 37: 1–30, redelimited the species complex, particularly with respect to Hylarana tytleri and Hylarana taipehensis. Luong, Nguyen, Le, Nguyen, and Nguyen, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 375–387, provided records from Dien Bien Province, Vietnam, and discussed the range and natural history. Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 54–55, provided a brief account for South Tanintharyi, peninsular Myanmar. Harmoko, Samitra, Sepriyaningsih, Yustian, and Setiawan, 2020, Biosfer, 10: 11–16, reported the species from South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. See brief account by Amin, 2020, Frogs of East Java: 28–31. Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 131, provided a brief account, photographs, and a range map that shows it nationwide in Thailand. Gillespie, Ahmad, and Shia, 2021, Field Guide Frog Lower Kinabatangan Region Sabah: 33, provided a brief account, summarizing identification and life history in the Lower Kinabatangan Region, Sabah, Malaysia. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 37, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. Nandia and Nugraha, 2022, Serambi Biol., 7: 24–27, reported on call characteristics in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 332–335, summarized for Borneo the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Meneses, Siler, Alviola, Balatibat, Gonzalez, Natividad, and Brown, 2022, Check List, 18: 941–984, discussed its habitat on Sibuyan I, Philippines. Herlambang, Riyanto, Munir, Hamidy, Kimura, Eto, and Mumpuni, 2022, Treubia, 49: 78, discussed the species from Bunguran, Laut, and Serasan Is., Natuna Is., Indonesia. Laurence, Nicolas, Ayoro, and Ohler, 2023, Zootaxa, 5258: 99–112, provided a dot map and discussed distribution modelling and the effect of misidentifications on those models. Cook-Price, Makchai, Hasin, and Suwanwaree, 2024, ZooKeys, 1207: 167–183, reported the species and its natural history on Ko Pha-ngan I., Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Oliver, Davie-Rieck, Ramdani, Dashper, Kusuma, Lee, Rittmeyer, Clancy, Hamidy, Thompson, Fouquet, Ferreira, and Richards, 2025, Pacific Conserv. Biol., 31(PC24063): 1–12, as part of a larger discussion of the role of citizen science in documenting species ranges in Melanesia noted that iNaturalist provided a introduction record from Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Stuart, Seateun, Sivongxay, and Phimmachak, 2025 "2024", in Wildlife Lao PDR: 39, summarized literature, taxonomy, habitat, and detailed range for Laos.

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