Hylarana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Hylarana > Species: Hylarana erythraea

Hyla erythraea Schlegel, 1837, Abbild. Neuer Unvollst. Amph., 1: 27. Syntypes: Deposition not stated, but including RMNH 1744 (4 specimens; Sumatra), 1746 (9 specimens; Sumatra), and 1749 (1 specimen; Sumatra) and MNHNP 4570–4572 from Java according to Ohler and Mallick, 2003 "2002", Hamadryad, 27: 63; Gassó Miracle, van den Hoek Ostende, and Arntzen, 2007, Zootaxa, 1482: 43, also regarded as syntypes RMNH 1744 (4 specimens; Sumatra) and 4265 (1 specimen; Java); Bauer, 2016, in Das and Tuen (eds.), Nat. Explor. Field Sci. SE Asia Australasia: 93, suggested ZMB 4463 as a possible syntype. Type localities: "Java" and "Sumatra", Indonesia.

Hylarana erythraea — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 37, 78; Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 73; Bourret, 1939, Annexe Bull. Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi, 1939: 35; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 98; Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication; Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 368; Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 3; by implication.

Limnodytes erythraeus — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 6: 511; Peters and Doria, 1878, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 13: 419.

Hylorana erythraea — Günther, 1864, Rept. Brit. India: 425; Fischer, 1885, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., 2: 80.

Rana erythraea — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 65; Boulenger, 1897, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897: 231.

Rana (Hylorana) erythraea — Boulenger In Mason, 1882, Burma, Ed. 3: 499; Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 125.

Rana (Hylarana) erythraea — Müller, 1887, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 8: 254; Van Kampen, 1923, Amph. Indo-Austral. Arch.: 222; Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, by implication; Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 328; Ohler and Mallick, 2003 "2002", Hamadryad, 27: 65.

Rana (Limnodytes) erythraea — Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 264.

Hylorana erythraea — Deckert, 1938, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1938: 144.

Polypedates erythraea — Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 329.

Hylarana (Hylarana) erythraea — Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990, Key to Chinese Amph.: 139, by implication; Wu, Xu, Suwannapoom, Nguyen, Murphy, Papenfuss, Lathrop, Kilunda, Gao, Yuan, Chen, Zhang, Zhao, Wang, Rahman, Nneji, Zhao, Wang, Jin, Zhang, and Che, 2024 "2025", Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 108223: 1–11, by implication.

Common Names

Green Paddy Frog (Diesmos, del Prado, Kim, Caguimbal, Venturina, Lorenzo, and Diesmos, 2026, ZooKeys, 1269: 309).

Green Grass Frog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 47). 

Red-eared Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 122; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 107).

Golden-lined Frog (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 122; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 74).

Green Paddy Frog (Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 32; Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 67; Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 158; Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 72).

Common Greenback (Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 32; Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 67).

Green Lotus Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 113).

Green-backed Frog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 138).

Red-eared Copper-backed Frog (Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 37; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 10).

Distribution

Cambodia; Laos (Luang Prabang and Champasak provinces); Indonesia (Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Penang, Peraki); Brunei and Sabah (Borneo); West and East Malaysia; Singapore; Thailand (Bangkok, Nakon Si Tamarat, Pakanam Kabin, Phu Kradung [but see comment]); Myanmar; Vietnam (Dien Bien, Tay Ninh, and Lao Cai Provinces in the north southwards to Kien Giang Province); central Nicobar Islands, India; introduced on Philippines (Negros, Subayan, Samar, and Panay), New Guinea (Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia) and Sulawesi; possibly west of Thailand in Myanmar, eastern India, and Bangladesh (see comment) although these require genetic confirmation. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Singapore, Vietnam

Likely/Controversially Present: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand

Introduced: Indonesia, Indonesia - Papua Region, Philippines

Comment

 Trewavas, 1933, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 222: 476, reported on the anatomy of the hyoid and larynx (as Rana erythraea).  Philippine population discussed by Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 324–328. Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 417–420, discussed the Thailand populations; Inger, 1966, Fieldiana, Zool., 52: 183–184, provided an account for the Bornean population; and Iskandar, 1998, Amph. Java Bali: 67–68, discussed the Javan population. Discussed by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 329–334. See also Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 66–67, and Lim and Lim, 1992, Guide Amph. Rept. Singapore: 32.See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 107–108. Ferner, Brown, Sison, and Kennedy, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 45, suggested that this species is introduced on the Philippines. Records for Nepal, India, Myanmar, and Bangladesh refer to Rana tytleri according to Ohler and Mallick, 2003 "2002", Hamadryad, 27: 62, although these records were accepted at face value by Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 74. Reported for southwestern Cambodia by Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002, Raffles Bull. Zool., 50: 465–481. Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 113, provided a brief characterization and photograph. Malkmus, Manthey, Vogel, Hoffmann, and Kosuch, 2002, Amph. Rept. Mount Kinabalu: 160–161, provided an account. Stuart, 1999, in Duckworth et al. (eds.), Wildlife in Lao PDR: 48, commented briefly on range in Laos. Lever, 2003, Naturalized Rept. Amph. World: 201, commented on the introduced populations in the Philippines. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 138–139, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Teynié, David, Ohler, and Luanglath, 2004, Hamadryad, 29: 37, provided a record from Champasak Province and comments for Laos. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 27, provided specific localities for Vietnam. Reported for Pulau Langkawi, Kadeh, northwestern West Malaysia, by Grismer, Youmans, Wood, Ponce, Wright, Jones, Johnson, Sanders, Gower, Yaakob, and Lim, 2006, Hamadryad, 30: 61–74. Das, Jankowski, Makmor, and Haas, 2007, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 104: 158, provided a brief description. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 60, provided a photograph and brief account, as Rana erythraea. Neang and Holden, 2008, Field Guide Amph. Cambodia: 75, provided a photograph, brief account of identification, ecology, and range in Cambodia. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 78–79, provided a brief characterization and photograph (but see comment above regarding likelihood that the population in India is referable to Hylarana taipehensis). Sheridan, Bickford, and Su, 2010, Raffles Bull. Zool., 58: 369–379, reported on call similarity and genetic differences between populations in Singapore and Thailand. Zainudin, Nor, Ahmad, Md-Zain, and Rahman, 2010, Zool. Stud., Taipei, 49: 688–702, reported on molecular phylogeography in Malaysia. Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood, and Ahmad, 2010, Russ. J. Herpetol., 17: 147–160, reported localities from the Banjaran Bintang Mountains, northwestern peninsular Malaysia. Wanger, Motzke, Saleh, and Iskandar, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 17–29, reported the species from central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted several larval descriptions in the literature. Gaulke, 2011, Herpetofauna Panay Island: 103–106, provided a brief account for Panay Island, Philippines. Thong-aree, Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Thailand Nat. Hist. Mus. J., 5: 99–106, reported the species from Bala Forest, Narathiwat, extreme southern Thailand. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 98–99, provided a photograph and brief account for the Eastern Region of Thailand. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 72–73, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Shahriza and Jaafar, 2014, Check List, 10: 253–259, provided a photograph and brief natural history observations for a population in Kedah, West Malaysia. Harikrishnan and Vasudevan, 2018, Alytes, 36: 254–255, commented on the distribution and natural history in the Nicobar Islands, India. Haas, Kueh, Joseph, bin Asri, Das, Hagmann, Schwander, and Hertwig, 2018, Evol. Syst., 2: 89–114, provided a brief account of morphology and natural history for the Sabah population. Mulcahy, Lee, Miller, Chand, Thura, and Zug, 2018, ZooKeys, 757: 95, provided a genetically confirmed record from Taninthary Division, southern Myanmar. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 338–339, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai).  Hasan, Lai, Poyarkov, Ohler, Oliver, Kakehashi, Kurabayashi, and Sumida, 2019, Alytes, 37: 1–30, redelimited the species complex, particularly with respect to Hylarana tytleri and Hylarana taipehensis. Luong, Nguyen, Le, Nguyen, and Nguyen, 2019, Herpetol. Notes, 12: 375–387, provided records from Dien Bien Province, Vietnam, and discussed the range and natural history. Zug and Mulcahy, 2020 "2019", Amph. Rept. S. Tanintharyi: 54–55, provided a brief account for South Tanintharyi, peninsular Myanmar. Harmoko, Samitra, Sepriyaningsih, Yustian, and Setiawan, 2020, Biosfer, 10: 11–16, reported the species from South Sumatera Province, Indonesia. See brief account by Amin, 2020, Frogs of East Java: 28–31. Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 131, provided a brief account, photographs, and a range map that shows it nationwide in Thailand. Gillespie, Ahmad, and Shia, 2021, Field Guide Frog Lower Kinabatangan Region Sabah: 33, provided a brief account, summarizing identification and life history in the Lower Kinabatangan Region, Sabah, Malaysia. Reported from Penang Hill, Penang Island, West Malaysia by Sheridan, Akil, Gendu, Low, Zou, and Heng, 2021, In N. Ruppert et al., Biodiversity of Penang Hill: 234–240.  Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 37, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar. Nandia and Nugraha, 2022, Serambi Biol., 7: 24–27, reported on call characteristics in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Haas, Das, Hertwig, Bublies, and Schulz-Schaeffer, 2022, Guide to the Tadpoles of Borneo: 332–335, summarized for Borneo the knowledge of habitat, reproduction, larval morphology and coloration. Meneses, Siler, Alviola, Balatibat, Gonzalez, Natividad, and Brown, 2022, Check List, 18: 941–984, discussed its habitat on Sibuyan I, Philippines. Herlambang, Riyanto, Munir, Hamidy, Kimura, Eto, and Mumpuni, 2022, Treubia, 49: 78, discussed the species from Bunguran, Laut, and Serasan Is., Natuna Is., Indonesia. Laurence, Nicolas, Ayoro, and Ohler, 2023, Zootaxa, 5258: 99–112, provided a dot map and discussed distribution modelling and the effect of misidentifications on those models. Cook-Price, Makchai, Hasin, and Suwanwaree, 2024, ZooKeys, 1207: 167–183, reported the species and its natural history on Ko Pha-ngan I., Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Lin, Chen, Binaday, Shen, and Amarga, 2024, Reptiles & Amphibians, 31(e21437): 1–13, discussed the species in the Mt Arayat National Park, Luzon, Philippines. Oliver, Davie-Rieck, Ramdani, Dashper, Kusuma, Lee, Rittmeyer, Clancy, Hamidy, Thompson, Fouquet, Ferreira, and Richards, 2025, Pacific Conserv. Biol., 31(PC24063): 1–12, as part of a larger discussion of the role of citizen science in documenting species ranges in Melanesia noted that iNaturalist provided a introduction record from Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Stuart, Seateun, Sivongxay, and Phimmachak, 2025 "2024", in Wildlife Lao PDR: 39, summarized literature, taxonomy, habitat, and detailed range for Laos. Diesmos, del Prado, Kim, Caguimbal, Venturina, Lorenzo, and Diesmos, 2026, ZooKeys, 1269: 303–328, discussed the range on Samar I., Philippines. Tran, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, and Nguyen, 2026, J. Trop. Biodiversity Biotechnol., 11: 1–16, reported the species (along with morphological and habitat descriptions) and from Ba Den Mountain, Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam.  

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