Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Hylarana garoensis (Boulenger, 1920)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Hylarana > Species: Hylarana garoensis

Rana garoensis Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 170. Syntypes: ZSIC 188557 (2 syntypes) according to Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 109. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 158, also regarded ZSIC 188558 as a syntype. Type locality: "Garo Hills, Assam, above Tura, at an altitude of 3,500 to 3,900 feet", India.

Rana (Hylorana) garoensis — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 127-130.

Rana danieli Pillai and Chanda, 1977, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 74: 136. Holotype: ZSI-E 6966 (formerly ZSI Shillong V/ERS 804) according to Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 109. Type locality: "Mawphlang Forest (Alt. 1535 m), Khasi Hills", Assam, India. Synonymy by Ao, Bordoloi, and Ohler, 2003, Zoos' Print J., 18: 1123.

Rana (Hylarana) danieli — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 242.

Rana (Hylarana) garoensis — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, by implication.

Rana (Sylvirana) garoensis — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326.

Rana (Sylvirana) danieli — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326.

Hylarana garoensis — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication.

Hylarana danieli — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication.

Sylvirana garoensis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 370. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 34. See comment under Ranidae record.

Sylvirana danieli — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 370. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 34. Undiscussed recognition. See comment under Ranidae record.

Hylarana garoensis — Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 3, by implication.

Common Names

Garo Hills Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 107; Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 66; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 75).

Boulenger's Garo Hill Frog (Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 107).

Swift Cascade Frog (Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 79).

Mawphlang Frog (Sylvirana danieli [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 107).

Daniel's Frog (Sylvirana danieli [no longer recognized]: Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 66).

Garo Hillis Copper-backed Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 10).

Distribution

Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, and Meghalaya, India; likely to be found in northeastern Bangladesh.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: India

Likely/Controversially Present: Bangladesh

Endemic: India

Comment

Prior to the revision of Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, placed in the Section Hylarana, subsection Hydrophylax, subgenus Sylvirana of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 103-104, 108, provided brief accounts (as Rana garoensis and Rana danieli). Ao, Bordoloi, and Ohler, 2003, Zoos' Print J., 18: 1117-1125, provided a specific locality for Nagaland, northeastern India, and suggested that the species extends into Nepal although no specific locality was noted. Choudhury, Hussain, Buruah, Saikia, and Sengupta, 2002, Hamadryad, 26: 279, commented on the range (as Rana danieli) in Assam, India. Sarkar and Ray, 2006, In Alfred (ed.), Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Part 1: 295-296, provided a brief account (as Rana danieli) for Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Devi and Shamungou, 2006, J. Exp. Zool. India, 9: 317-324, provided a record (as Rana danieli) for Manipur, northeastern India. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted one larval descriptions in the literature, as Sylvirana danieli. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 79-80, provided a brief characterization and photograph and considered Nepal to be part of the range, apparently in error. Oliver, Prendini, Kraus, and Raxworthy, 2015, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 90: 188, noted that this species is likely in either in Hydrophylax or Indosylvirana, but pending genetic sampling declined to make any taxonomic changes; here it is formally removed from Hylarana, which these authors rendered a monophyletic group.

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