Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Lithobates warszewitschii (Schmidt, 1857)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Lithobates > Species: Lithobates warszewitschii

Ixalus warszewitschii Schmidt, 1857, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Phys. Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 24: 11. Holotype: KM 1006/1338, according to Savage, 1970, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 38: 273–288. Type locality: "Unweit des Vulcanes Chiriqui, zwischen 6000′ und 7000′ Höhe [Polish feet, therefore = 1370–1600 m according to Savage, 1970, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 38: 273–288], in einem feuchten, nie trockenen Klima von 12–14°R", Panama.

Ixalus warschewitschii — Schmidt, 1858, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., 14: 241. Incorrect subsequent spelling. Seemingly another description as new of the same taxon noted by this author in 1857.

Rana coeruleopunctata Steindachner, 1864, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 14: 264. Syntypes: NHMW 20840.1–4, according to Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 31. Type locality: "Fundort unbekkant". Synonymy by Barbour, 1925, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 155–156; Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 896.

Ranula chrysoprasina Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 129. Holotype: In USNM according to Cope, but not listed by Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220. Type locality: "Arriba [= roughly the Meseta Central], Costa Rica". Type locality commented on by Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 77. Synonymy by Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 896.

Ranula coeruleopunctata — Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18: 130.

Hylarana coeruleopunctata — Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 48.

Trypheropsis chrysoprasinus — Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 117.

Rana caeruleopunctata — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 50. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Rana chrysoprasina — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 49.

Hylarana chrysoprasina — Brocchi, 1882, Miss. Scient. Mex. Amer. Centr., Rech. Zool., 3(2, livr. 2): 65.

Chilixalus Warszewiczii — Werner, 1899, Zool. Anz., 22: 117. Incorrect subsequent spelling of the species name. Considered to be the coining of new species name by Dubois, 1999, Alytes, 17: 85, although Werner (p. 117) makes it clear that he is examining the type of Ixalus warszewitschii Schmidt (although he misspells the species name).

Rana zeteki Barbour, 1925, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 156. Holotype: MCZ 10031, by original designation. Type locality: "Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone of Panama". Synonymy by Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 416.

Rana warschewitschii zeteki — Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 416.

Rana warschewitschii warschewitschii — Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 416.

Rana warszewitschii — Harding, 1983, Cat. New World Amph.: 55; Hillis and de Sá, 1988, Herpetol. Monogr., 2: 3.

Rana (Rana) warszewitschii — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, by implication.

Rana (Trypheropsis) warszewitschii — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 330.

Rana (Novirana, Sierrana, Ranula, Levirana, Trypheropsis) warszewitschii — Hillis and Wilcox, 2005, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 34: 305. See Dubois, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 317–330, Hillis, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 331–338, and Dubois, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 390–402, for relevant discussion of nomenclature. Invalid name formulation under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) as discussed by Dubois, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 395.

Lithobates warszewitschii — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 369; Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 1–13; by implication.

Lithobates (Lithobates) warszewitschii — Dubois, 2006, C. R. Biol., Paris, 329: 829; Dubois, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 325.

Rana (Trypheropsis) warszewitschii — Hillis, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 335–336, by implication.

Rana (Lithobates) warszewitschii — Yuan, Zhou, Chen, Poyarkov, Chen, Jang-Liaw, Chou, Matzke, Iizuka, Min, Kuzmin, Zhang, Cannatella, Hillis, and Che, 2016, Syst. Biol., 65: 835.

Common Names

Warszewitsch's Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 110).

Distribution

Humid lowlands on the Atlantic drainage from northeastern Honduras to central Panama, and Pacific slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, 0–1740 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

Comment

Sole member of the Rana (Trypheropsis) warszewitschii group of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 330. In the Rana palmipes group of Hillis and de Sá, 1988, Herpetol. Monogr., 2: 1–26. See Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 35: 896–899, and Hillis and de Sá, 1988, Herpetol. Monogr., 2: 1–26, for synonymy and discussion. Lips and Savage, 1996, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 109: 17–26, included this species (as Rana warszewitschii) in a key to the tadpoles found in Costa Rica. See accounts by Villa, 1990, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 459: 1–2, Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 404–405, and McCranie and Wilson, 2002, Amph. Honduras: 494–496. McCranie, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 38, summarized the departmental distribution in Honduras. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Rana warszewitschii) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 634. See comments by Sunyer, Páiz, Dehling, and Köhler, 2009, Herpetol. Notes, 2: 189–202, regarding Nicaraguan populations. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 291–295, provided a brief summary of natural history and identification key for the species of Lithobates in Central America and provided a range map and photograph for this species. Cryer, Wynne, Price, and Puschendorf, 2019, ZooKeys, 838: 49–69, provided molecular evidence suggesting that this nominal species is composed of at least three lineages. Coelho, Camurugi, and Garda, 2023, Organisms Divers. Evol., 23: 967–981, reported on niche divergence, phylogenetics, and biogeography as part of the Lithobates palmipes group (as the Rana palmipes group). Martínez-Fonseca, Holmes, Sunyer, Westeen, Grundler, Cerda, Fernández-Mena, Loza-Molina, Monagan, Nondorf, Pandelis, and Rabosky, 2024, Check List, 20: 76, provided and discussed a record from Refugio Bartola, Departamento Río San Juan, Nicaragua.

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