Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pelophylax porosus (Cope, 1868)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Pelophylax > Species: Pelophylax porosus

Tomopterna porosa Cope, 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 20: 139. Syntypes: MCZ 305 (3 specimens), by original designation; renumbered MCZ 1611 (3 specimens), according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 351. Type locality: "Kanagawa, [Honshu,] Japan".

Rana porosa — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 40.

Rana nigromaculata brevipoda Ito, 1941, Nagoya Seibutsugakkai Kiroku, 8: 77. Types: Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: Not designated; stated to be Nagoya [Honshu, Japan]; Shikatsumura, Nishi-kasugai-gun, Aichi [Honshu, Japan] by Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46. Synonymy by Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46, and Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425.

Rana brevipoda brevipoda — Kawamura, 1962, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., B—Zool., 20: 187.

Rana brevipoda porosa — Kawamura, 1962, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., B—Zool., 20: 187.

Rana (Rana) brevipoda — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46.

Rana brevipoda — Okada, 1966, Fauna Japon., Anura: 60-62. Kashiwagi, 1994, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 13: 245.

Rana porosa porosa — Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425.

Rana porosa brevipoda — Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425. Maeda, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan: 91.

Rana (Rana) porosa — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 41, by implication.

Rana (Rana) porosa porosa — Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 88).

Rana (Rana) porosa brevipoda — Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 88).

Rana (Pelophylax) porosa — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 332.

Hylarana porosa — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237, by implication.

Pelophylax porosus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 369. Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 1-13; by implication.

Common Names

Kanagawa Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 109).

Tokyo Daruma Pond Frog (Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 91).

Tokyo Dharma Pond Frog (Rana porosa porosa: Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 86).

Dharma Pond Frog (Rana porosa brevipoda: Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 86).

Daruma Pond Frog (Rana porosa brevipoda: Khonsue, Matsui, and Misawa, 2002, Amphibia-Reptilia, 23: 259).

Distribution

Central and south-central Honshu and northeastern Shikoku, Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423-425, and Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 46-47, noted that Rana porosa is a senior synonym of Rana brevipoda Ito, 1941. See Okada, 1966, Fauna Japon., Anura: 60-62, for review (as Rana brevipoda). If Pelophylax porosus (sensu stricto) originated by introgressive hybridization with Pelophylax nigromaculatus (see Kawamura and Nishioka, 1977, in Taylor and Guttman (eds.), Reprod. Biol. Amph.: 124-125, Nishioka and Sumida, 1992, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 11: 71-108, and Nishioka, Sumida, Borkin, and Wu, 1992, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 11: 109-160) the nomenclature of this species is not clear. See also Matsui and Hikida, 1985, J. Herpetol., 19: 423. Ueda, 1994, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 13: 197-232, and Sumida, Ogata, Kaneda, and Yonekawa, 1998, Genes Genet. Syst., 73: 121-133, provided evidence of, respectively, the call and genetic distinctiveness of Rana porosus and Rana brevipoda, although they treated these taxa as subspecies of Rana porosa. Nishioka, Sumida, and Ohtani, 1992, Sci. Rep. Lab. Amph. Biol. Hiroshima Univ., 11: 1-70, reported on allozyme variation within Japan. Matsui and Wilkinson, 1992, J. Herpetol., 26: 9-16, discussed allozyme variation. Highton, 2000, in Bruce et al., Biol. Plethodontid Salamanders: 235, discussed previously published allozyme evidence and suggested that Pelophylax porosus brevipoda is not conspecific with Pelophylax porosus and covers at least two species. Maeda and Matsui, 1990, Frogs Toads Japan, Ed. 2: 88-95, provided accounts. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 86-90, provided account, maps, and photograph. Itoh, 2017, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 36: 135–141, provided information on female vocalizations of Pelophylax porosus brevipodus. Kuramoto, 1977, J. Herpetol., 11: 249–254, reported on advertisement call (as Rana brevipoda) in Japan.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.