Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Rana muscosa Camp, 1917

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranidae > Genus: Rana > Species: Rana muscosa

Rana boylii muscosa Camp, 1917, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17: 118. Holotype: MVZ 771, by original designation. Type locality: "Arroyo Seco Cañon, at about 1300 feet altitude, near Pasadena, [Los Angeles County,] California", USA.

Rana muscosa — Zweifel, 1955, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 54: 229. First revisor to choose priority over Rana boylii sierrae.

Rana (Rana) muscosa — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 41–42, by implication; Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 396.

Rana (Amerana) muscosa — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 322; Dubois, 2006, C. R. Biol., Paris, 329: 830; Yuan, Zhou, Chen, Poyarkov, Chen, Jang-Liaw, Chou, Matzke, Iizuka, Min, Kuzmin, Zhang, Cannatella, Hillis, and Che, 2016, Syst. Biol., 65: 835.

Rana (Laurasiarana, Amerana) muscosa — Hillis and Wilcox, 2005, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 34: 311, by implication; see Dubois, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 317–330, and Hillis, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 331–338, for discussion. Invalid name formulation under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) as discussed by Dubois, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 395.

Amerana muscosa — Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 37. See comment under Ranidae record.

English Names

San Bernardino Yellow-legged Frog (Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 84; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176).

Sierra Madre Yellow-legged Frog (Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: xi; Vredenburg, Bingham, Knapp, Morgan, Moritz, and Wake, 2007, J. Zool., London, 271: 370; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 9).

Southern Yellow-legged Frog (Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 140).

Mountain Yellow-legged Frog (Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 13; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 108; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 13; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 15; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 233).

Southern Mountain Yellow-legged Frog (Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 11; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 21; Frost, Lemmon, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 19).

Distribution

Palomar Mountain (where now extinct) in San Diego County through the San Jacinto, San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains of Riverside, San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties in southern California. These formed four isolated clusters of montane populations. In addition, the species occurred as an isolated cluster of populations on Breckenridge Mountain (where now extinct), south of the Kern River in Kern County, and in the Sierra Nevada in Tulare, Inyo and Fresno counties, extending north to Mather Pass. Now extinct throughout former range except for the a few isolated population in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA.

Comment

See Zweifel, 1955, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 54: 207–292, and Zweifel, 1968, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 65: 1–2, for review (as including Rana sierrae). In the Rana boylii group of North American authors. In the Rana aurora group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, in the equivalent Section Amerana, subgenus Amerana of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 322. (Although Amerana was shown by Hillis and Wilcox, 2005, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 34: 305, to be polyphyletic.) Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 233–234, provided a brief account, figure, and map (and who commented on the disappearance of this species from large areas of its former distribution). See comment under Rana sierrae. Vredenburg, Bingham, Knapp, Morgan, Moritz, and Wake, 2007, J. Zool., London, 271: 361–374, discussed the systematics of this species and its disappearance from large parts of its former range. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 508. Vredenburg, Fellers, and Davidson, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 563–566, and Dodd, 2013, Frogs U.S. and Canada, 2 : 733–739, provided detailed accounts that summarized the literature of biology, range, and conservation. Elliot, Gerhardt, and Davidson, 2009, Frogs and Toads of N. Am.: 250–253, provided an account, photos, and advertisement call. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 244–245, provided an account of larval morphology and biology.

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.