Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Walkerana phrynoderma (Boulenger, 1882)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Ranixalidae > Genus: Walkerana > Species: Walkerana phrynoderma

Rana phrynoderma Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 462. Syntypes: BMNH (2 specimens) by original designation, these being 1947.2.3.8–9 (formerly 1882.2.10.21–22) by museum records). BMNH 1947.2.3.8 designated lectotype by Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9243. Type locality: "Anamallays", Kerala, South India.

Rana (Discodeles) phrynoderma — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 121; Daniel and Sekar, 1989, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 86: 194.

Indirana phrynoderma — Laurent, 1986, in Grassé and Delsol (eds.), Traite de Zool., 14: 761.

Ranixalus phrynoderma — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 69.

Indirana phrynoderma — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 175–176, by implication.

Walkerana phrynoderma — Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9243; Dubois, 2017, Zootaxa, 4237: 1–16.

Sallywalkerana phrynoderma — Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9381.

English Names

Kerala Indian Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 99; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 86).

Toad-skinned Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 64).

Warty-skinned Leaping Frog (Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9243).

Distribution

Anamallai Hills, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, South India, ca. 500 m elevation. See comment.

Comment

See account by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 120. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 132, provided a brief account (as Rana phrynoderma). See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 481. A very brief characterization, photograph, and dot map provided by Subramanian, Dinesh, and Radhakrishnan, 2013, Atlas of Endemic Amph. W. Ghats: 112. Sivaprasad, 2013, Common Amph. Kerala: 138–139, provided a brief account, photograph, and dot map for Kerala, India. Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016, J. Threatened Taxa, 8: 9245 (who provided an extensive account), suggested that genetic confirmation was needed for record from Maharashtra, which they assumed was based on misidentified Indirana leithii. See brief account by Garg and Biju, 2016, PLoS One, 11(11:e0166326): 28. Das and Dutta, 2007, Hamadryad, 31: 154–181, noted no larval descriptions in the literature. Kanagavel, Parvathy, Chundakatil, Dahanukar, and Tapley, 2018, Phyllomedusa, 17: 21–37. discussed the distribution and habitat associations, as well as potential threats, abundance, and morphology. Sreekumar and Dinesh, 2020, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 120: 33–40, noted that records from Maharashtra, India, are in error.

External links:

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For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist; for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.