Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Gracixalus carinensis (Boulenger, 1893)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Gracixalus > Species: Gracixalus carinensis

Ixalus carinensis Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 13: 339. Syntypes: 7 specimens, BMNH 1947.2.6.24–27 (formerly 1893.10.9.25–28, by museum records) and MSNG 29852.A according to Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 33, who designated BMNH 1947.2.6.24 (formerly 1893.10.9.25) lectotype and described it on page 75. Type locality: "Karin Hills, 2900–3500 feet" (1 specimen); "Thao" (1 specimen); and "District of the Karin Bia-po" (5 specimens), Myanmar; restricted by lectotype designation to "Karin Hills, 2900–3500 feet", Myanmar. Hallermann, Ananjeva, Orlov, and Tillack, 2002, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 99: 139–153, and Hallermann, 2006, Mitt. Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst., 103: 139, suggested that ZMH A03138–41, might have been part of the original syntypic series.

Rhacophorus (Philautus) carinensis — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 55, 89.

Philautus carinensis — Smith, 1940, Rec. Indian Mus., 42: 475; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 458.

Philautus (Philautus) carinensis — Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 34.

Aquixalus (Aquixalus) carinensis — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2005, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 74: 166.

Kurixalus carinensis — Li, Che, Bain, Zhao, and Zhang, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 48: 310, by implication.

Gracixalus carinensis — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 509; Mahony, Kamei, Brown, and Chan, 2024, Vert. Zool., Senckenberg, 74: 253; Luo, Zhang, Pan, and Yu, 2025, Zoosyst. Evol., 101: 369.

Orixalus carinensis — Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021, Megataxa, 5: 256.

Common Names

Burmese Bushfrog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 54).

Burmese Bubble-nest Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 111).

Brown Carin Tree Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 145).

Karin Hills Bushfrog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 148; Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 41).

Burmese Bush Frog (Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 398).

Distribution

Northeastern Myanmar (Kayah); northwestern Thailand (Chiang Mai); 1400–2000 m in montane forest streams.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Myanmar, Thailand

Comment

Recorded for Thailand by Khonsue and Thirakhupt, 2001, Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn Univ., 1: 77. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 148–149, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Matsui, Khonsue, Panha, and Eto, 2015, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 32: 209, doubted that the Vietnamese sample represents the same species as that in the Myanmar type series, and subsequently (Matsui, Ohler, Eto, and Nguyen, 2017, Alytes, 33: 28) named that population as Gracixalus sapaensis. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 398–399, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Makchai, Chuaynkern, Safoowong, Chuachat, and Cota, 2020, Amph. N. Thailand: 158, provided photographs, a brief account for Thailand, and a range map. Zug, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 653: 41, briefly discussed identification, habitat, and range in Myanmar.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist