Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Philautus surdus (Peters, 1863)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Philautus > Species: Philautus surdus

Polypedates surdus Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 459. Holotype: ZMB 4920, according to Bauer, Günther, and Klipfel, 1995, in Bauer et al. (eds.), Herpetol. Contr. W.C.H. Peters: 51, who could not locate the specimen. Type locality: "Luzon", Philippines.

Rhacophorus surdus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 79. Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 387.

Philautus williamsi Taylor, 1922, Philipp. J. Sci., 21: 167. Holotype: EHT 356, by original designation; now CAS 62253 according to Slevin and Leviton, 1956, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 28: 537; see discussion by Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 42-43, on the possibly confusion of specimens regarded as the holotype. Type locality: "Polillo Island", Philippines. Synonymy by Brown and Alcala, 1994, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 48: 185-220.

Rhacophorus (Philautus) williamsi — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 55, 101.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) surdus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 57, 118.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) buergeri surdus — Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 169.

Rhacophorus lissobrachius Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 390. Holotype: FMNH 50683, by original designation. Type locality: "east slope of Mount McKinley, Davao Province, Mindanao, altitude 1340 meters", Philippines. Synonymy by Brown and Alcala, 1994, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 48: 185-220.

Philautus surdus — Liem, 1970, Fieldiana, Zool., 57: 68.

Philautus lissobrachius — Liem, 1970, Fieldiana, Zool., 57: 68.

Philautus (Philautus) lissobrachius — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 72.

Philautus (Philautus) surdus — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 72.

Common Names

Luzon Bubble-nest Frog (Philautus surdus: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 112).

Davao Bubble-nest Frog (Philautus lissobrachius [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 112).

Williams' Bubble-nest Frog (Philautus williamsi [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 113).

Distribution

Bohol, Mindanao, Luzon, and Polillo islands, Philippines, rarely below 650 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Philippines

Endemic: Philippines

Comment

See account (as Rhacophorus surdus) by Inger, 1954, Fieldiana, Zool., 33: 387-389, and account by Brown and Alcala, 1994, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 48: 185-220 (who considered it to be in the Philautus surdus group). See brief notes for Mindanao, Philippines, by Sanguila, Cobb, Siler, Diesmos, Alcala, and Brown, 2016, ZooKeys, 624: 48–49. See comments by Baron, Marin, Logramonte, and Mohagan, 2021, Asian Herpetol. Res., 12: 76–87, regarding the need for dense geographic sampling of this nominal species.

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For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
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