Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pseudophilautus microtympanum (Günther, 1858)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Pseudophilautus > Species: Pseudophilautus microtympanum

Polypedates microtympanum Günther, 1858, Arch. Naturgesch., 24: 324. Syntypes: BMNH (11 specimens), according to Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 77. BMNH has 13 specimens listed as syntypes, these being 1853.3.30.17–18 (now renumbered 1947.2.7.60–62), 1853.3.30.22 (now renumbered 1947.2.7.63), 1853.3.30.24–26 (now renumbered 1947.2.8.45–47), 1858.6.15.4–8 (now renumbered 1947.2.8.49–52), 1864.7.11.23 (now renumbered 1947.2.8.44), 1933.9.10.19 (now renumbered 1947.2.8.48). Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 10105, noted that BMNH 53.3.30.22 was a syntype. Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 18, who noted 12 types in the BMNH, all from "Ceylon" and designated BMNH 1947.2.8.48 lectotype (described on page 68–69). Type locality: "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka); Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 77, added the additional locality of "Madras" apparently in error.

Rhacophorus microtympanum — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 79.

Rhacophorus (Polypedates) microtympanum — Müller, 1885, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 7: 671.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) microtympanum — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 128, 129.

Rhacophorus (Rhacophorus) buergeri microtympanum — Wolf, 1936, Bull. Raffles Mus., 12: 143, 173.

Philautus (Kirtixalus) microtympanum — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 73. Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 52.

Rhacophorus microtympanum — Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 196.

Kirtixalus microtympanum — Yu, Rao, Zhang, and Yang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 578.

Pseudophilautus microtympanum — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 519.

English Names

Gunther's Bubble-nest Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 112).

Small-eared Shrub Frog (de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 106).

Distribution

Montane cloud-forest at elevations of 1555–2135 m in the central hills of Sri Lanka.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Sri Lanka

Endemic: Sri Lanka

Comment

See account by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 196–202, who resurrected a number of species from this synonymy. See comments under Philautus fergusonianus, Rhacophorus macropus, and Rhacophorus reticulatus. See account by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 183–186. Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 179–181, provided an account, and noted that this species resembles Philautus silus. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 527. de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 106, provided a brief account and color photograph.

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