Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pseudophilautus schmarda (Kelaart, 1854)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Pseudophilautus > Species: Pseudophilautus schmarda

Polypedates (?) Schmarda Kelaart, 1854, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 13: 407-408. Holotype: Presumably in Kelaart's personal collection, now lost; neotype designated by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 171, as WHT 3353. Type locality: "Adam's Peak (5,600 feet)", Sri Lanka. Neotype from "Horton Plains National Park, alt. 2135 m (06° 46′ N, 80° 47′ E)".

Polypedates (?) Schmardana — Kelaart, 1854, Prodr. Faunae Zeylan., 2: 22. Incorrect subsequent spelling. Published as a new description with the same type locality and original specimen as for Polypedates schmarda.

Ixalus poecilopleurus Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856, Nomencl. Rept. Amph. Mus. Zool. Berol.: 36. Holotype: ZMB 3058 according to Bauer, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 142. Type locality: "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka). Considered a possible synonym of Ixalus schmarda by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 99. Synonymy by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 171.

Ixalus schmardae — Peters, 1860, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1860: 186. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Ixalus schmardanus — Ferguson, 1875, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, 15: 131. Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 99.

Philautus schmardanus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 99. Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 71.

Rhacophorus (Philautus) schmardanus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 86.

Theloderma schmardanus — Liem, 1970, Fieldiana, Zool., 57: 94.

Theloderma schmardanum — Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 550.

Theloderma schmarda — Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 206.

Philautus schmarda — Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 171.

Kirtixalus schmarda — Yu, Rao, Zhang, and Yang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 578.

Pseudophilautus schmarda — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 511.

Common Names

Sri Lanka Bug-eyed Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 114).

Schmarda's Shrub Frog (de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 114).

Distribution

Central hills of Sri Lanka, 810–2300 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Sri Lanka

Endemic: Sri Lanka

Comment

See account (as Philautus schmardanus) by Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 71-73, and (as Theloderma schmarda) by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 206-209. Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 171-174, provided an account, but without substantive discussion transferred this species from Theloderma to Philautus, noting that it is most similar to Philautus cavirostris, Philautus decoris, and Philautus extirpo. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 104, provided bibliography, systematic comments, and range. Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006, Russ. J. Herpetol., 13: 175, retained the species in Theloderma without comment. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 532. de Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 114, provided a brief account and color photograph.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist