Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Pseudophilautus temporalis (Günther, 1864)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Pseudophilautus > Species: Pseudophilautus temporalis

Ixalus temporalis Günther, 1864, Rept. Brit. India: 434. Syntypes: BMNH (6 specimens), including BMNH 1947.2.6.8–12 (formerly 1854.3.21, 1853.3.30.21, 1856.7.9.5, and 1858.10.15.11–12, a total of 5 specimens) by museum records. BMNH 1947.2.6.9 designated lectotype by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 187. Type locality: "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka).

Ixalus leucorhinus var. temporalis — Müller, 1887, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 8: 256.

Rhacophorus (Philautus) temporalis — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 55, 97.

Pseudophilautus temporalis — Laurent, 1943, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 19: 2; Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 511.

Philautus temporalis — Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 439; Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1985 "1984", J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 555.

Philautus (Philautus) temporalis — Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 20.

Kirtixalus temporalis — Yu, Rao, Zhang, and Yang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 578.

Pseudophilautus temporalis — Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 519.

English Names

None noted.

Distribution

Known only from the indefinite type locality ("Ceylon").

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Philautus leucorhinus (Rhacophoridae) by Laurent, 1943, Bull. Mus. R. Hist. Nat. Belg., 19: 2, but treated as a junior synonym of Philautus leucorhinus by most subsequent authors (e.g., Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 68; without discussion. Considered to be in Philautus by Inger, 1985, in Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 439; and Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1985 "1984", J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 555. See account (as Philautus temporalis) by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 155–159. Kuramoto and Joshy, 2003, Curr. Herpetol., Kyoto, 22: 59, noted that detailed comparisons had not been done between South India and Sri Lankan populations implying that such comparisons would likely allow the discovery of additional species. See account by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda, 2005, Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl., 12: 187–188, who noted that the species, similar to Philautus nanus, had not been recollected in Sri Lanka since the syntypic series. According to Biju and Manamendra-Arachchi (GAA notes under Philautus temporalis), Indian specimens are referable to Philautus wynaadensis. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 78, provided systematic notes and access to literature to that point in time. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 141, who regarded the species as extinct. Regarded as extinct by Batuwita, Udugampala, De Silva, Diao, and Edirisinghe, 2019, J. Anim. Diversity, 1: 48, and Jayawardena, Senevirathne, Wijayathilaka, Ukuwela, Manamendra-Arachchi, and Meegaskumbura, 2017, Ceylon J. Sci., 46 (Special issue): 48.

External links:

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For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.