Theloderma horridum (Boulenger, 1903)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Rhacophoridae > Subfamily: Rhacophorinae > Genus: Theloderma > Species: Theloderma horridum

Ixalus horridus Boulenger, 1903, in Annandale and Robinson (eds.), Fasciculi Malayenses, 2(1): 139. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.7.97 (formerly 1903.4.13.111), 1947.2.7.99 (formerly 1903.4.13.112) and 1947.2.8.1–10 (formerly 1903.4.13.113–122) according to Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 37. Type locality: "near our camp on Bukit Besar", Pattani, Thailand.

Philautus horridus — Smith, 1926, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 18: 80; Smith, 1930, Bull. Raffles Mus., 3: 117.

Rhacophorus (Philautus) horridus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 52, 65.

Theloderma horridum — Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 517.

Theloderma (Stelladerma) horridum — Poyarkov, Orlov, Moiseeva, Pawangkhanant, Ruangsuwan, Vassilieva, Galoyan, Nguyen, and Gogoleva, 2015, Russ. J. Herpetol., 22: 276. 

Nyctixalus horridus — Sivongxay, Davankham, Phimmachak, Phoumixay, and Stuart, 2016, Zootaxa, 4147:2 44. 

Common Names

Thai Bug-eyed Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 114).

Black-brown Warted Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 151).

Malayan Warted Treefrog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 164).

Spiny Wart Frog (Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 64).

Horrible Bug-eyed Frog (Poyarkov, Nguyen, Popov, Geissler, Pawangkhanant, Neang, Suwannapoom, and Orlov, 2021, Russ. J. Herpetol., 28 (3A): 64). 

Distribution

Peninsular Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani, and Narathiwat provinces) and peninsular Malaysia, including Pulau Tioman; Singapore; northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia, and possibly Brunei); possibly to Sumatra (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Malaysia, Malaysia, East (Sarawak and/or Sabah), Malaysia, West (Peninsular), Singapore, Thailand

Comment

See accounts by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 469–471(as Philautus horridus), Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 517–519. and Berry, 1975, Amph. Fauna Peninsular Malaysia: 93–94 (as Philautus horridus), for accounts. Inger, Stuebing, and Tan, 1995, Raffles Bull. Zool., 43: 115–131, provided Borneo record. See brief account and photo by Manthey and Grossmann, 1997, Amph. Rept. Südostasiens: 138–139. Grismer, Escobar, and Youmans, 2002, Herpetol. Rev., 33: 222, reported the Pulau Tioman record and commented on the range. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 164–165, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. See Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006, Russ. J. Herpetol., 13: 155–175, for brief comments. Das, 2007, Amph. Rept. Brunei: 82, provided a photograph and brief account for a Theloderma sp. in Brunei, which may be of this species. Figueroa and Selveindran, 2011, Nature in Singapore, 4: 259–262, reported this species from Taban Valley of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore. Chan-ard, Cota, and Makchai, 2011, Amph. E. Region Thailand: 141, detailed the range in Thailand. See brief account by Grismer, 2012, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Seribuat Arch.: 64–65, for the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia. Sumarli, Grismer, Anuar, Muin, and Quah, 2015, Check List, 11(4, Art. 1679): 15, reported a specimen from Mount Tebu, Terregganu, West Malaysia, and briefly reported on its morphology and habitat. Niyomwan, Srisom, and Pawangkhanant, 2019, Field Guide Amph. Thailand: 448–449, provided a brief account (description, photographs, habitat, and range) for Thailand (in Thai). Sumatra has been included in the range by some authors but the reasons for this are unclear. Reported from Penang Hill, Penang Island, West Malaysia by Sheridan, Akil, Gendu, Low, Zou, and Heng, 2021, In N. Ruppert et al., Biodiversity of Penang Hill: 234–240. 

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