Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ambystoma texanum (Matthes, 1855)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Ambystomatidae > Genus: Ambystoma > Species: Ambystoma texanum

Salamandra texana Matthes, 1855, Allg. Deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung,, N.S.,, 1: 266. Syntypes: Including NHMW 22920, according to Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 13, Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 17, and Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 43. Type locality: "Das erste Exemplar fand ich . . . im Urwalde am Rio Colorado, das zweite ebenfalls . . . im Cumming's Creeck [sic] Bottom, Fayette County" (= Rio Colorado and Cumming's Creek Bottom, Fayette County), Texas, USA; restricted to "Rio Colorado bottom land", Texas, USA, by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 21, although because it was not based on evidence, it is invalid according to Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 79. Data with NHMW syntype is "Texas", according to Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 17.

Amblystoma texanum — Baird, 1859, Rep. U.S-Mex. Bound. Surv., 2(Pt. 2-Rept.): 29; Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 204. Incorrect subsequent spelling of the genus.

Amblystoma microstomum Cope, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 13: 123. Holotype: ANSP 1285 according to Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 10; ANSP 2286, according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 348. Type locality: "Ohio", USA (? Wabash River, Indiana, USA; see Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69:11). See Anderson, 1967: 37.2 for comments. Synonymy by Strecker and Williams, 1928, Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus., 17: 3–19. Incorrect subsequent spelling of the genus.

Chondrotus microstomus — Cope, 1887, Am. Nat., 21: 88, by implication; Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 99, 101.

Chondrotus texanus — Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 99, 104.

Ambystoma microstomum — Strecker, 1915, Baylor Univ. Bull., 18: 56; Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 11.

Ambystoma texanum — Stejneger and Barbour, 1917, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept.: 12.

Ambystoma schmidti Taylor, 1939 "1938", Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 25: 263. Holotype: EHT-HMS 3999, by original designation; now UIMNH 25042 according to Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 140. Type locality: "10 miles east of San Martín (Asuncion) at Rancho Guadalupe", México, Mexico (in error). Synonymy by Kraus and Nussbaum, 1989, J. Herpetol., 23: 78–79.

Ambystoma (Linguaelapsus) schmidti — Tihen, 1958, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci., 3: 3, 43.

Ambystoma (Linguaelapsus) texanum — Tihen, 1958, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci., 3: 3, 43.

Linguaelapsus schmidti — Freytag, 1959, Vierteiljahrschrift Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich, 104: 79–89.

Linguaelapsus texanus — Freytag, 1959, Vierteiljahrschrift Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich, 104: 79–89.

Ambystoma nothagenes Kraus, 1985, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 709: 14. Holotype: UMMZ 176237, by original designation. Type locality: "Kelley's Island, Erie County, Ohio", USA. Synonymy by Bogart, Lowcock, Zeyl, and Mable, 1987, Canad. J. Zool., 65: 2188–2201, who considered this named based on nonparthenogenetic hybrids of Ambystoma texanum x Ambystoma laterale.

Ambystoma nothogenes — Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27. Misspelling.

Ambystoma (Linguaelapsus) texanum — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77–161.

Common Names

Texas Salamander (Ambystoma texanum: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 21; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 155).

Texan Salamander (Ambystoma texanum: Strecker, 1915, Baylor Univ. Bull., 18: 56; Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 396).

Small-mouthed Salamander (Ambystoma texanum: Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 396; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 155; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 21; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 253; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 14; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 24; Powell, Conant, and Collins, 2016, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. North Am., 4th ed.: 36).

Narrow-mouthed Salamander (Ambystoma texanum: Viosca, 1949, Pop. Sci. Bull., Louisiana Acad. Sci., 1: 9).

Smallmouth Salamander (Ambystoma texanum: Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 23).

Porphyry Salamander (Ambystoma microstomum [no longer recognized]: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 21).

Small-mouthed Salamander (Ambystoma microstomum [no longer recognized]: Jordan, 1878, Man. Vert. North. U.S., Ed. 2: 196; Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 427; Strecker, 1915, Baylor Univ. Bull., 18: 56).

Kelley's Island Salamander (Ambystoma nothagenes: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27).

Distribution

From eastern Ohio and western Kentucky west to southern Iowa and south to eastern Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and northwestern Alabama, USA; and from Pelee Island of Ontario, Canada.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Canada, United States of America, United States of America - Alabama, United States of America - Arkansas, United States of America - Illinois, United States of America - Indiana, United States of America - Iowa, United States of America - Kansas, United States of America - Kentucky, United States of America - Louisiana, United States of America - Michigan, United States of America - Mississippi, United States of America - Missouri, United States of America - Nebraska, United States of America - Ohio, United States of America - Oklahoma, United States of America - Tennessee, United States of America - Texas

Comment

See detailed accounts by Anderson, 1967, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 37: 1–2 (including Ambystoma barbouri populations at that time), Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 103–107, and Trauth, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 634–636. Morris and Brandon, 1984, Copeia, 1984: 324–337, reported on sexual parasitism by polyploids tentatively identified as Ambystoma platineum. Bogart, 2003, in Sever (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylogeny Urodela: 109–134, discussed complex hybridization with Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Ambystoma laterale, and Ambystoma tigrinum. Involved in widespread development of hybrid swarms with Ambystoma laterale, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, and Ambystoma tigrinum (see Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 122–129, for summary). Denton, Kenyon, Greenwald, and Gibbs, 2014, Mol. Ecol., 23: 2811–2824, reported on introgression of Ambystoma barbouri mtDNA into this species. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 112, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 93–94, provided an account of larval morphology. Bogart, 2019, Herpetologica, 75: 259–267, reviewed the hybrid unisexual populations associated with this species. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 178–180, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Bassett, 2023, Reptiles & Amphibians, 30(e18486): 1–18, provided an updated county distribution map for Texas, USA.

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist