Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bolitoglossa adspersa (Peters, 1863)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa adspersa

Spelerpes (Oedipus) adspersus Peters, 1863, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 468. Syntypes: ZMB 4915 (formerly 4 specimens), 4916 (formerly 4 specimens), 4932 (formerly 5 specimens), 4933 (formerly 3 specimens), 5141 (formerly 2 specimens) and 50279, 50282-88, and 50294-99, presumably renumbered from former duplicates; see comments by Bauer, Good, and Günther, 1993, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 69: 294. Type locality: "Bogotá", Cundinamarca, Colombia.

Geotriton adspersus — Cope, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 17: 196.

Oedipus adspersus — Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 103.

Spelerpes adspersus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 70.

Geotriton andicola Posada Arango, 1909, Estudios Cientificos del Doctor Andres Posada: 125. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: "Andes en Sur América"; presumably in Colombia and likely from the environs of Medellin by implication of the residence of the author and the focus of the volume; listed as Medellín, Colombia by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 393. Synonymy by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 393; Wake and Brame, 1962, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 49: 7.

Oedipus adspersus — Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 393.

? Magnadigita adspersa — Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 218.

Bolitoglossa adspersa — Niceforo Maria, 1958, Bol. Soc. Cience. Nat. Inst. La Salle, Bogotá, 198: 10.

Magnadigita adspersa — Stebbins and Hendrickson, 1959, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 56: 497.

Bolitoglossa adspersa — Ginés, 1959, Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 19: 100; Niceforo Maria, 1960, Caldasia, 8: 337.

Bolitoglossa andicola — Niceforo Maria, 1960, Caldasia, 8: 338.

Bolitoglossa andina — Niceforo Maria, 1960, Caldasia, 8: 338. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) adspersa — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

Common Names

Peter's Mushroomtongue Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29).

Distribution

Cloud forests to high-elevation páramos in the eastern Andes from central Boyacá southwest to southern Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2250 to 3650 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia

Endemic: Colombia

Comment

In the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) adspersa group of Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336. See account by Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 40. García-París, Parra-Olea, Brame, and Wake, 2002, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 16: 49, regarded this species to be the sister taxon of the Bolitoglossa mexicana group. Lynch and Renjifo, 2001, Guia Anf. Rept. Bogota: 29, presented a brief account and photograph. See García-París, Parra-Olea, and Wake, 2008, Herpetol. J., 18: 23-31, for systematic comments. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 330, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 704–705, provided an account summarizing systematics , life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). He also noted possibly unvouchered localities from Meta Department, Colombia, and suggested that Bolitoglossa andicola, now in synonymy, likely is a distinct species and that Bolitoglossa "Soacha" of Hanken and Wake, 1982, Herpetologica, 38: 272–287, from Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia, is as well. López-Perilla, Fernández-Roldán, Meza-Joya, and Medina-Rangel, 2023, ZooKeys, 1158: 30, provided a dot map of the distribution and recognized a second species, Bolitoglossa muisca, from within the range of Bolitoglossa adspersa.

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