Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bolitoglossa altamazonica (Cope, 1874)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa altamazonica

Oedipus altamazonicus Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 26: 120. Syntypes: ANSP or USNM, now lost or destroyed, according to Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 13. CRBIIAP AR001117, designated neotype by Cusi Martínez, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Brcko, Wake, and von May, 2020, Zootaxa, 4834: 390. Type locality: "Nauta", Departamento de Loreto, Peru. Neotype from "Allpahuayo Mishana National Reserve, San Juan Bautista district, Maynas province, Loreto department, Peru, 03.965° S, 73.421° W, 132 m a.s.l."

Geotriton altamazonicus — Smith, 1877, Tailed Amph.: 77.

Spelerpes altamazonicus — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 71.

Oedipus altamazonicus — Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 396.

Bolitoglossa altamazonica — Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 219; Ginés, 1959, Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 19: 100.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) altamazonica — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

Common Names

Nauta Mushroomtongue Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29).

Nauta Salamander (Cusi Martínez, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Brcko, Wake, and von May, 2020, Zootaxa, 4834: 389).

Distribution

Known from five localities in terra firme and white-sand forest in northern Peru in the Departamento Loreto: (1) Nauta, (2) Sucusari River, (3) Allpahuayo Mishana National Reserve, (4) Lago Avispas and (5) Jenaro Herrera. Possibly Ucayali Department, Peru (see comment). See comment regarding misapplication of this name to many unnamed lineages.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Peru

Comment

In the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) adspersa group of Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336; formerly in the Bolitoglossa altamazonica group of Wake and Lynch, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 25: 1–65. See account by Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 13. For comparison of morphometric and dentition characters of Bolitoglossa altamazonica, Bolitoglossa peruviana, Bolitoglossa caldwellae, Bolitoglossa paraensis, Bolitoglossa palmata, and Bolitoglossa awafun, see Cusi Martínez, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Brcko, Wake, and von May, 2020, Zootaxa, 4834: Tables 6–7. Metcalf, Marsh, Torres Pacaya, Graham, and Gunnels, 2020, Herpetol. Notes, 13: 753–767, reported the species from the Santa Cruz Forest Reserve, Loreto, northeastern Peru. Gagliardi-Urrutia, García Dávila, Jaramillo-Martinez, Rojas-Padilla, Rios-Alva, Aguilar-Manihuari, Pérez-Peña, Castroviejo-Fisher, Simões, Estivals, Guillen Huaman, Castro Ruiz, Angulo Chávez, Mariac, Duponchelle, and Renno, 2022, Anf. Loreto: 198–199, provided a brief account, photograph, dot map, and genetic barcode for Loreto, Peru. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 727–730, provided an account summarizing systematics, misapplication of the name to unnamed lineages, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 39, briefly discussed the former syntypes. Crnobrna, Santa-Cruz Farfan, Gallegos, López-Rojas, Llanqui, Panduro Pisco, and Kelsen Arbaiza, 2023, Check List, 19: 449, provided a record from Ucayali Department, central-eastern Peru, without referencing the taxonomic ambiguity in the application of this name.

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