Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bolitoglossa franklini (Schmidt, 1936)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa franklini

Oedipus franklini Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 20: 159. Holotype: FMNH 21061, by original designation. Type locality: "Volcan Tajumulco, at 5600 feet altitude, on the trail above El Porvenir, [Department of] San Marcos, Guatemala".

Bolitoglossa nigroflavescens Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 27: 150. Holotype: USNM 111169, by original designation. Type locality: "Cerro Ovando, at an elevation between 5,000 to 6,000 feet", Chiapas, Mexico. Synonymy by Wake and Lynch, 1982, Herpetologica, 38: 257–272. Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 23, noted the current location of paratypes.

Magnadigita nigroflavescens — Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 218.

Magnadigita franklini — Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 218.

Magnadigita brevipes Bumzahem and Smith, 1955, Herpetologica, 11: 74. Holotype: UIMNH 33694, by original designation. Type locality: "Región de Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico". Synonymy by Wake and Lynch, 1982, Herpetologica, 38: 257.

Bolitoglossa nigroflavescens — Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia, 1963: 386.

Bolitoglossa brevipes — Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia, 1963: 386.

Bolitoglossa franklini — Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia, 1963: 386.

Bolitoglossa franklini franklini — Wake and Lynch, 1982, Herpetologica, 38: 266.

Bolitoglossa franklini nigroflavescens — Wake and Lynch, 1982, Herpetologica, 38: 266.

Bolitoglossa (Magnadigita) franklini — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

Common Names

Franklin's Mushroomtongue Salamander (Bolitoglossa franklini: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 10; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29).

Franklin's Salamander (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 29).

Franklin's Mushroomtongue Salamander ( Bolitoglossa franklini franklini: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 10).

Common Franklin's Salamander (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 29).

Blackbelly Mushroomtongue Salamander (Bolitoglossa franklini nigroflavescens: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 10).

Black-bellied Salamander (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 29).

Distribution

Intermediate elevation montane cloud forest along the Pacific slopes of southern Chiapas, Mexico, east into Guatemala along the same slope to Volcán Atitlán, 1800–2500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Guatemala, Mexico

Comment

In the Bolitoglossa (Magnadigita) franklini group of Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336. According to Wake and Lynch, 1976, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 25: 57, Schmidt's (1936) records for Bolitoglossa franklini from Volcán Pacaya are based on specimens of Bolitoglossa morio. See comment under Bolitoglossa lincolni. Hybridizes with Bolitoglossa resplendens according to Wake, Yang, and Papenfuss, 1981 "1980", Herpetologica, 36: 335–345. Highton, 2000, in Bruce et al., Biol. Plethodontid Salamanders: 222, suggested on the basis of allozyme data that five species may be diagnosable within nominal Bolitoglossa franklini. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 558. Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo, and Brodie, 2010, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 200: 33, commented on the range. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 347, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 758–761, provided an account summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map), and who noted that the name Bolitoglossa nigroflavescens is available for one of the five lineages covered by the current binominal. Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 40, briefly discussed the current location of paratypes.

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