Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bolitoglossa macrinii (Lafrentz, 1930)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa macrinii

Oedipus macrinii Lafrentz, 1930, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 6: 150. Holotype: MM N.V. 52/29; destroyed in WWII, according to Tyler, Fucsko, and Roberts, 2023, Zootaxa, 5230: 162. Type locality: "Cerro Espino, 1000 m hoch subtropischer Laubwald am Südhang der Sierra Madre del Sur bei Concordia, Staat Oaxaca, Mexiko". See Bauer, Good, and Günther, 1993, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 69: 294, for comment.

Bolitoglossa macrinii — Taylor, 1941, Herpetologica, 2: 65.

Magnadigita macrinii — Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 218.

Bolitoglossa macrinii — Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia, 1963: 386.

Bolitoglossa (Oaxakia) macrinii — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 335.

Common Names

Oaxacan Mushroomtongue Salamander (Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 10; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 30).

Oaxacan Salamander (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 29).

Distribution

Pacific slopes at 1500–2500 m elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur, between San Gabriel Mixtepec and Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Mexico

Endemic: Mexico

Comment

Formerly a member of the Bolitoglossa macrinii group which now constitutes the subgenus Oaxakia according to Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336. Discussed by Papenfuss, Wake, and Adler, 1984 "1983", J. Herpetol., 17: 295-307. Highton, 2000, in Bruce et al., Biol. Plethodontid Salamanders: 224, suggest on the basis of allozyne evidence that two species masquerade under this name. Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2002, J. Herpetol., 36: 356-366, subsequently named Bolitoglossa zapoteca and Bolitoglossa oaxacensis from within this complex. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 560. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 357, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 783, provided an account summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist