Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bolitoglossa orestes Brame and Wake, 1962

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa orestes

Bolitoglossa orestes Brame and Wake, 1962, Copeia, 1962: 171. Holotype: BMNH 1905.5.31.103, by original designation. Type locality: "Culata, 9,810 feet (3,000 meters), Cordillera de Mérida, Estado de Mérida, Venezuela".

Bolitoglossa spongai Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 11. Holotype: MBUCV 6570, by original designation. Type locality: "Carretera Mérida la Azulita, frente al Hato la Carbonera, Fila la Cuchilla, Municipio Campo Elías, La Carbonera, Estado Mérida, Venezuela, 2200 msnm. 8° 38′ 02″ N, 71° 22′ 25″ W". Synonymy by Fermin, García-Gutiérrez, Escalona Sulbarán, Mora, and Díaz, 2012, Zootaxa, 3356: 47-56.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) orestes — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) spongai — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336.

Common Names

Culata Mushroomtongue Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 30).

La Culata Mushroomtongue Salamander (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 712).

Distribution

Cloud forests of the Sierra de la Culata in Mérida state, Venezuela, 2000–3500 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Venezuela

Endemic: Venezuela

Comment

In the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) adspersa group of Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 336. See account by Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 24. See also additional comparisons by Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 1999, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 19: 9-19. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 563 (as Bolitoglossa orestes) and 566 (as Bolitoglossa spongai). See account (as Bolitoglossa spongai) by Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos, 2004, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 781: 1-2. Barrio-Amorós, García, and Fuentes-Ramos, 2010, Salamandra, 46: 108-113, reported on natural history and intraspecific variation, as Bolitoglossa spongai. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 333, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. See Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic, and Señaris Vasquez, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (1: e180): 131–132, for comments on range and literature. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 712–713, provided an account summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

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For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist