Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bolitoglossa pesrubra (Taylor, 1952)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Bolitoglossa > Species: Bolitoglossa pesrubra

Magnadigita pesrubra Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 34: 707. Holotype: KU 25093, by original designation. Type locality: "Cerro de la Muerte, [boundary area between Cartago and San José Province,] Costa Rica, elevation 10,900 ft. [sic = 7500 to 9500 feet]". Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 81, commented on the type locality.

Magnadigita torresi Taylor, 1952, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 34: 712. Holotype: KU 25104, by original designation. Type locality: "Summit of Cerro de la Muerte, [boundary area between Cartago and San José Province,] Costa Rica (where Pan-Am. Highway crosses), 10,900 ft. elev." Savage, 1974, Rev. Biol. Tropical, 22: 81, commented on the type locality. Synonymy by Vial, 1966, Copeia, 1966: 669; and Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 136.

Bolitoglossa subpalmata pesrubra — Brame, 1967, Herpeton, California, 2: 19.

Bolitoglossa subpalmata torresi — Brame, 1967, Herpeton, California, 2: 19.

Bolitoglossa pesrubra — Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 135.

Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) pesrubra — Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 335.

Common Names

Red-legged Mushroomtongue Salamander (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 679).

Distribution

Humid lower montane, montane, and subalpine zones of the Cordillera de Talamanca, including the Fila Cedral, south-central Costa Rica, 1870–3620 m elevation.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Costa Rica

Endemic: Costa Rica

Comment

Removed from the synonymy of Bolitoglossa subpalmata by Savage, 2002, Amph. Rept. Costa Rica: 135-136 (where it had been placed by Vial, 1966, Copeia, 1966: 669). In the same work Savage noted two other unnamed species in this complex, one (called species B; García-París, Good, Parra-Olea, and Wake, 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97: 1640-1647—now named Bolitoglossa tica) which occurs at lower elevations in the norther Cordillera de Talamanca and the Fila de Cedral (1870-2600 m), Costa Rica. In the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) subpalmata group of Parra-Olea, García-París, and Wake, 2004, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 81: 335. See García-París, Parra-Olea, and Wake, 2008, Herpetol. J., 18: 23-31, for comments on systematics. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 564. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 40–69, compared this species with others from Central America and provided a map and photograph. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 319, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 679–681, provided an account summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist