Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Eurycea cirrigera (Green, 1831)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Eurycea > Species: Eurycea cirrigera

Salamandra cirrigera Green, 1831, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 253. Syntypes: 4 specimens, deposition not stated, although it is reasonable to assume that they were originally in ANSP; Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 165, 168, stated that USNM 4734 (2 specimens) from "Southern States (La.?)", are Green's types. Now apparently lost according to Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 307. See comment by Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 56. Type locality: "near New Orleans", Louisiana, USA.

Spelerpes cirrigera — Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 287.

Spelerpes cirrigerus — Strauch, 1870, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, 16 (4): 82.

Spelerpes bilineatus cirrigera — Smith, 1877, Tailed Amph.: 84.

Eurycea bislineata cirrigera — Dunn, 1920, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 33: 135.

Eurycea cirrigera — Jacobs, 1987, Herpetologica, 43: 437.

Eurycea (Eurycea) cirrigera — Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 185; Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 131.

Eurycea (Manculus) cirrigera — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 77-161.

Eurycea cirregera — Meshaka, Collins, Bury, and McCallum, 2022, Exotic Amph. Rept. USA: 23. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Common Names

Southern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea cirrigera: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 408; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 53; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 174; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 6; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 31; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 7 Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 22; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 17; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 12; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 27; Powell, Conant, and Collins, 2016, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. North Am., 4th ed.: 54; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 27).

Southeastern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata cirrigera: Carr, 1940, Univ. Florida Biol. Sci. Ser., 3: 49).

Distribution

Eastern Illinois to southeastern Ohio and the coastal plain of eastern Virginia, thence south, east of the Mississippi River, to southeastern Louisiana and to the Gulf Coast of Mississippi, Alabama, and northern Florida, USA; introduced into McDonough Co., western Illinois, USA.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Alabama, United States of America - Florida, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - Illinois, United States of America - Indiana, United States of America - Kentucky, United States of America - Louisiana, United States of America - Mississippi, United States of America - North Carolina, United States of America - Ohio, United States of America - South Carolina, United States of America - Tennessee, United States of America - Virginia, United States of America - West Virginia

Endemic: United States of America

Comment

Reviewed by Sever, 1999, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 684: 1–6. Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 241–242, provided an accounts (as a subspecies of Eurycea bislineata). Camp, Marshall, Landau, Austin, and Tilley, 2000, Copeia, 2000: 572–578, reported sympatry of Eurycea cirrigera with Eurycea wilderae. Jacobs, 1987, Herpetologica, 43: 423–446, discussed phylogenetic relationships. See comment under Eurycea aquatica. Pauley and Watson, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 740–743, provided a detailed account that summarized the literature. Kozak, Blaine, and Larson, 2006, Mol. Ecol., 15: 191–207, presented mtDNA evidence of multiple species existing under this name. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 185–186, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Bonett, Steffen, Lambert, Wiens, and Chippindale, 2014 "2013", Evolution, 68: 466–482, suggested that there are at least 2 lineages under this name, one most closely related to Eurycea wilderae and another most closely related to Eurycea bislineata. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 108–109, provided an account of larval morphology and biology. Stuart, Beamer, Farrington, Beane, Chek, Pusser, Som, Stephan, Sever, and Braswell, 2020, Herpetologica, 76: 423–444, suggested on molecular grounds that this nominal species is composed of several unnamed lineages, some not particularly closely related. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 546–549, provided an account, summarizing systematics, unnamed cryptic lineages, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Introduced population (sourced from Fountain, Montgomery, and Parke counties, Indiana) in western Illinois, USA, discussed by Meshaka, Collins, Bury, and McCallum, 2022, Exotic Amph. Rept. USA: 23–24.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist