Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Eurycea spelaea (Stejneger, 1892)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Eurycea > Species: Eurycea spelaea

Typhlotriton spelaeus Stejneger, 1892, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 15: 116. Holotype: USNM 17903, according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 28. Type locality: "Rock House Cave, [Barry County,] Missouri", USA.

Eurycea spelaeus — Bonett and Chippindale, 2004, Mol. Ecol., 13: 1199. Gender disagreement.

Eurycea spelaea — Frost, 2004, Amph. Spec. World, vers. 3.0. Correction of gender agreement.

Eurycea (Eurycea) spelaea — Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 184-185.

Eurycea (Typhlotriton) spelaea — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 144.

Common Names

Veil-eyed Salamander (Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 44),

Grotto Salamander (Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 296; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 9; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 10; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 13; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 27; Powell, Conant, and Collins, 2016, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. North Am., 4th ed.: 58; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 28).

Ozarks Blind Salamander (Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 413).

Ozark Blind Salamander (Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 351). x; Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 390).

Western Grotto Salamander (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 541).

Distribution

Caves and springs in the Ozark region of extreme northwestern Arkansas, extreme southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, USA.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Arkansas, United States of America - Kansas, United States of America - Missouri, United States of America - Oklahoma

Endemic: United States of America

Comment

Literature prior to 2017, treats the cryptic species Eurycea braggi and Eurycea nerea as synonyms of Eurycea spelaea. See accounts (as Typhlotriton speleus) by Brandon, 1965, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 20: 1–2; Brandon, 1970, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 84: 1; Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 307–309. Bonett and Chippindale, 2004, Mol. Ecol., 13: 1189–1203, addressed the phylogenetic relationships of this taxon with the remainder of the Eurycea multiplicata complex. Fenolio and Trauth, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 863–866, provided a detailed account that summarized the biology and conservation literature. Bonett, Steffen, Lambert, Wiens, and Chippindale, 2014 "2013", Evolution, 68: 473, provided a molecular tree that places this species as the sister taxon of Eurycea tynerensis. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 244, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 117–118, provided an account of larval morphology and biology. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 541–543, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 64, briefly discussed the location and status of paratypes.

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist