Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Oedipina complex (Dunn, 1924)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Plethodontidae > Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae > Genus: Oedipina > Species: Oedipina complex

Oedipus complex Dunn, 1924, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 94. Holotype: MCZ 9408, by original designation. Type locality: "Las Cascadas, near Gamboa, Canal Zone", Panama.

Oedipina complex — Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 30: 226.

Oedopinola complex — Hilton, 1946, J. Entomol. Zool., Pomona, 38: 38.

Oedipina complex — Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 16.

Oedipina (Oedopinola) complex — García-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia, 2000: 60.

Common Names

Gamboa Worm Salamander (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 32).

Distribution

Central Panama and western Colombia (including Isla Gorgona), including an isolated record in the Magdalena Valley (Otanche Municipality, Boyacá Department), similar populations to northwestern Ecuador. See comment regarding range and taxonomic uncertainty of this apparent complex of cryptic species.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama

Comment

See account by Brame and Wake, 1963, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 69: 10. Köhler, 2011, Amph. Cent. Am.: 82–90, compared this species with others from Central America and provided a map and photograph. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 374–375, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Acosta-Galvis, García-Cobos, Cárdenas-Arévalo, Corrales-Garcia, and Paternina-Hernández, 2020, Check List, 16: 521–526, provided a record from Otanche Municipality, Boyacá Department, Colombia. According to Reyes-Puig, Wake, Kotharambath, Streicher, Koch, Cisneros-Heredia, Yánez-Muñoz, and Ron, 2020, PeerJ, 8(e9934): 1–35, the nominal taxon is likely a complex of cryptic species, with the range in western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, particularly unlikely to contain Oedipina complex sensu stricto. While these authors did not explicitly exclude Oedipina complex from occurring in northwestern Ecuador, it is clear from the totality of text that specimens from Ecuador, previously identified as Oedipina complex, either are referable to Oedipina villamizariorum or are unnamed. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 853–854, provided an account summarizing the chaotic systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist