Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Necturus alabamensis Viosca, 1937

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Proteidae > Genus: Necturus > Species: Necturus alabamensis

Necturus alabamensis Viosca, 1937, Copeia, 1937: 121. Holotype: USNM 102676, by original designation. Type locality: "Black Warrior River near Tuscaloosa, [Tuscaloosa County,] Alabama", USA.

Necturus beyeri alabamensis — Hecht, 1958, Proc. Staten Island Inst. Arts Sci., 21: 17.

Necturus alabamensis — Neill, 1963, Herpetologica, 19: 166.

Necturus punctatus alabamensis — Brode, 1970, Dissert. Abstr. Internatl., Ser. B, 30: 5288.

Necturus (Necturus) alabamensis — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 147.

Common Names

Alabama Waterdog (Conant, 1958, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am.: 200; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 244; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 7; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 7).

Black Warrior Waterdog (Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 24; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 15).

Black Warrior River Waterdog (Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 28; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 30).

Distribution

Restricted to the Upper Black Warrior River drainage, Alabama (see comment); closely related unnamed species throughout the Mobile River Basin of eastern Mississippi, southeastern to northern Alabama, and into adjacent northwestern Georgia, USA.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Alabama

Endemic: United States of America, United States of America - Alabama

Comment

Brode, 1970, Dissert. Abstr. Internatl., Ser. B, 30: 5288–5289, suggested that Necturus alabamensis (as Necturus punctatus alabamensis), Necturus beyeri (as Necturus punctatus beyeri), and Necturus punctatus (as Necturus punctatus punctatus) form a series of intergrading populations. Species status supported by Guttman, Weigt, Moler, Ashton, Mansell, and Peavy, 1990, J. Herpetol., 24: 163–175 (who also suggested that Necturus alabamensis might be a composite of two species). The status of Necturus lodingi deserves additionally scrutiny and for that reason is recognized in this catalogue (see Necturus lodingi). Bailey and Moler, 2003, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 761: 1–2, reveiwed the species. Bailey, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 866–867, provided a detailed account that summarized the biology and conservation literature. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 598. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 126–127, provided an account of larval morphology and biology. Chabarria, Murray, Moler, Bart, Crother, and Guyer, 2018, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 56: 352–363, discussed the phylogenetic placement of this species and noted that the Mobile Bay Basin component of nominal Necturus beyeri (Necturus cf. beyeri Mobile River clade) forms the sister lineage of this species. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 478–479, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist