Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Necturus louisianensis Viosca, 1938

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Proteidae > Genus: Necturus > Species: Necturus louisianensis

Necturus louisianensis Viosca, 1938, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51: 143. Holotype: USNM 104238, by original designation. Type locality: "Big Creek a few miles east of Pollock, [Grant Parish,] Louisiana", USA.

Necturus maculosus louisianensis — Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 13.

Necturus louisianensis — Collins, 1991, Herpetol. Rev., 22: 43.

Necturus (Necturus) louisianensis — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 147.

Common Names

Louisiana Mudpuppy (Necturus louisanensis: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 32).

Louisiana Waterdog (Necturus louisanensis: Viosca, 1949, Pop. Sci. Bull., Louisiana Acad. Sci., 1: 9).

Red River Waterdog (Necturus maculosus louisianensis: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 13; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 175).

Red River Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus louisianensis: Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 7; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 8; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 25; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 19; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 28; Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 30).

Southern Mudpuppy (Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 482).

Distribution

East-central Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and to extreme southern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, northeastern Texas to northern Louisiana and through Arkansas east to western Mississippi and thence east to western Mississippi, northern Alabama, extreme northern Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, western North Carolina, southeastern Illinois, much of Indiana, southern Ohio, western Virginia, West Virginia, western Maryland, and western Pennsylvania to extreme southwestern New York, USA.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Alabama, United States of America - Arkansas, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - Illinois, United States of America - Indiana, United States of America - Kansas, United States of America - Kentucky, United States of America - Louisiana, United States of America - Maryland, United States of America - Mississippi, United States of America - Missouri, United States of America - New York, United States of America - North Carolina, United States of America - Ohio, United States of America - Oklahoma, United States of America - Pennsylvania, United States of America - Tennessee, United States of America - Texas, United States of America - Virginia, United States of America - West Virginia

Endemic: United States of America

Comment

See Guttman, Weigt, Moler, Ashton, Mansell, and Peavy, 1990, J. Herpetol., 24: 163-175, for geographic variation in allozymes. Removed from the synonymy of Necturus maculosus, where it had been placed by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 13, by Collins, 1991, Herpetol. Rev., 22: 43, who considered the two subspecies to be different species on the basis of their allopatry and diagnosability. Williams and Corey, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 472, provided a record (as Necturus maculosus) for the New River drainage of North Carolina and briefly discussed its range in that region.See comments under Necturus maculosus for relevant literature. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 220, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Chabarria, Murray, Moler, Bart, Crother, and Guyer, 2018, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 56: 352–363, discussed the range and phylogenetics of this species, redelimiting it to include many populations formerly associated with Necturus maculosus. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 482–483, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). See comment under Necturus maculosus for access to additional literature addressing the controversies involved ini the recognition and range of this taxon. Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 66, briefly discussed the location of paratypes.

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For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist