Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Necturus punctatus (Gibbes, 1850)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Proteidae > Genus: Necturus > Species: Necturus punctatus

Menobranchus punctatus Gibbes, 1850, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1850: 159. Syntypes: 10 specimens, of which 1 was subsequently lost according to Gibbes, 1853, Boston J. Nat. Hist., 6: 367; USNM 11813 in error considered holotype by Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 145, and Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 29. This specimen considered a syntype by Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 16. Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 445-471, and Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 308, considered MCZ 1553 as a syntype. Other syntypes not traced or lost according to Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 65. Type locality: "discovered by Mr. Augustus Schoolbred, on the South Santee River, a few miles from its mouth . . . . [and] from the same neighborhood, by Dr. A. Gadsden . . . . all discovered in cleaning rice-field ditches", South Carolina, USA.

Necturus punctatus — Garman, 1884, Bull. Essex Inst., 16: 36, by implication; Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 27.

Necturus punctatus punctatus — Neill, 1954, Publ. Res. Div. Ross Allen’s Rept. Inst., 1: 75–96; Hecht, 1958, Proc. Staten Island Inst. Arts Sci., 21: 13; Brode, 1970, Dissert. Abstr. Internatl., Ser. B, 30: 5288.

Necturus (Parvurus) punctatus — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2012, Alytes, 28: 147.

Common Names

Gibbes' Proteus (Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 20).

Southern Water Dog (Brimley, 1907, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 23: 151; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 46).

Carolina Water Dog (Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 46).

Dwarf Waterdog (Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 175; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 244; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 7; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 8; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 15; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 28 Highton, Bonett, and Jockusch, 2017, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 43: 30).

Distribution

Coastal plain from southeastern Virginia to central Georgia, USA; see comment regarding unnamed species associated with this name outside of this range.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: United States of America, United States of America - Georgia, United States of America - North Carolina, United States of America - South Carolina, United States of America - Virginia

Endemic: United States of America

Comment

See accounts by Dundee, 1998, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 663: 1–4 and Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 429–431. See also Ashton, Braswell, and Guttman, 1981 "1980", Brimleyana, 4: 43–46. Guttman, Weigt, Moler, Ashton, Mansell, and Peavy, 1990, J. Herpetol., 24: 163–175, suggested that the nearest relative is Necturus lewisi. Dundee, 2005, in Lannoo (ed.), Amph. Declines: 871–873, provided a detailed account that summarized the biology and conservation literature. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 220, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Altig and McDiarmid, 2015, Handb. Larval Amph. US and Canada: 129–130, provided an account of larval morphology and biology.. Chabarria, Murray, Moler, Bart, Crother, and Guyer, 2018, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 56: 352–363, discussed an unnamed species, their Necturus cf punctatus Apalachicola clade, which extends from north-central to southwestern Georgia into southeastern Alabama and the central part of the Florida panhandle. See also comment under Necturus lodingi. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 478, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Tighe, 2022, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 654: 65, noted that additional syntypes appear to have been lost.

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To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist