Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Proteus Laurenti, 1768

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Proteidae > Genus: Proteus

1 species

Proteus Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 35. Type species: Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768, by subsequent designation of Stejneger, 1936, Copeia, 1936: 135.

Protaeus — Oppel, 1811, Ordn. Fam. Gatt. Rept.: 74. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Larvarius Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse Nat.: 78. Substitute name for Proteus Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 65.

Platyrhynchus Leuckart, 1816, Dissert. Inaug. Equo Bisulco Molinie: viii. Substitute name for Proteus Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 65.

Hypochthon Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 188. Type species: Hypochthon laurentii Merrem, 1820, by monotypy. Synonymy by Schinz, 1822, Thierr. Naturgesch., 2: 187; Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 209; Cuvier, 1831, Animal Kingdom (M'Murtrie), 2: 89; Wiegmann, 1832, in Wiegmann and Ruthe (eds.), Handbuch der Zool., Amph.: 204; and Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 97 (with Proteus under Hypochthon); Leunis, 1860, Synops. Drei Naturr., Zool., Ed. 2: 148; Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 65; Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 183; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 84.

Caledon Goldfuss, 1820, Handb. Zool., 2: 127. Substitute name for Proteus Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 183.

Apneumona Fleming, 1822, Philos. Zool., 2: 303. Substitute name for Proteus Laurenti, 1768.

Cordylus Wagler, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 859. Replacement name for Proteus. Junior homonym of Cordylus Laurenti, 1768.

Hypochton — Cuvier, 1829, Regne Animal., Ed. 2, 2: 119. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Hydochthon — Gray, 1831, in Cuvier, Animal Kingdom (Griffith), 9—Appendix: 108. Lapsus for Hypochthon.

Hemitriton Van der Hoeven, 1833, Handb. Dierkd., 2: 305. Type species: Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768, by subsequent designation of Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 51. Fouquette and Dubois, 2014, Checklist N.A. Amph. Rept.: 61, subsequently considered Hemitriton Van der Hoeven to be a replacement name for a taxon composed of Hypochthon Merrem, Menobranchus Harlan, and Siredon Wagler, apparently in error as this was as was treated in ASW prior to 2009.

Catedon — Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 185. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Caledon Goldfuss, 1820.

Common Names

Olms (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 34).

Distribution

Adriatic seaboard, as far north as Istrian region and as far south as Montenegro; isolated population in northeastern Italy.

Comment

See discussion of relevant literature and distribution by Durand, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 50-51.

Contained taxa (1 sp.):

Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768

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