Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Cynops ensicauda (Hallowell, 1861)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Cynops > Species: Cynops ensicauda

Triton ensicauda Hallowell, 1861 "1860", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 12: 494. Syntypes: USNM 7410 (3 specimens), according to Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 21-23, and Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 27. Type localities: "Paddyfields at the Amakarima Isle" and "Ralousima . . . the northern half of Ousima proper" (= Amami, Ryukyu Is., Japan, according to Inger, 1947, Fieldiana, Zool., 32: 316). See Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 23, for discussion of confusion surrounding the type localities.

Molge pyrrhogaster var. ensicauda — Boulenger, 1887, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887: 150.

Molge pyrrhogastra var. ensicaudatus — Okada, 1891, Cat. Vert. Animals Japan: 65. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Molge pyrrhogaster ensicauda — Brown, 1902, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54: 186.

Diemictylus ensicauda — Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 21.

Triturus ensicaudus — Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 450.

Triton pyrrhogaster subsp. ensicauda — Wolterstorff, 1925, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 4: 291.

Triton (Cynops) pyrrhogaster — Wolterstorff, 1927, Bl. Aquar. Terrarienkd., Stuttgart, 19: 484.

Cynops ensicauda — Wolterstorff and Herre, 1935, Arch. Naturgesch., Leipzig, N. F., 4: 224.

Triturus ensicauda — Sato, 1943, Monogr. Tailed Batr. Japan: 378.

Triturus ensicaudus popei Inger, 1947, Fieldiana, Zool., 32: 319. Holotype: FMNH 45039, by original designation. Type locality: "Kin, Okinawa", Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

Triturus ensicaudus ensicaudus — Inger, 1947, Fieldiana, Zool., 32: 319.

Triturus pyrrhogaster ensicaudus — Kawamura, 1950, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., B—Zool., 11: 78, by implication.

Triturus (Cynops) pyrrhogaster ensicaudus — Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 19.

Cynops pyrrhogaster popei — Brame, 1967, Herpeton, California, 2: 6.

Cynops ensicauda ensicauda — Thorn, 1968, Salamand. Eur. Asie Afr. Nord: 281; Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 65.

Cynops ensicauda popei — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 65.

Common Names

Swordtail Newt (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).

Sword-tailed Newt (Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 600).

Yellow-bellied Newt (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 31).

Okinawa Newt (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 31).

Distribution

Amami and Okinawa Archipelagos, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Japan

Endemic: Japan

Comment

See Nakamura and Ueno, 1963, Japan. Rept. Amph. Color: 19-20 (as Triturus pyrrhogaster), and Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 312-314. for accounts. Hayashi and Matsui, 1988, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 5: 1121-1136, suggested that Cynops ensicauda is genetically well differentiated from Cynops pyrrhogaster and that Cynops ensicauda formed two well-differentiated geographic groups which correspond to Cynops ensicauda ensicauda and Cynops ensicauda popei. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 40-42, provided account, map, and photograph. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 600. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 153–154, provided brief accounts by subspecies, map, and photographs. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 184–188, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 424–426, provided subspecies accounts, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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For access to general information see Wikipedia
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For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist