Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Ichthyosaura reiseri (Werner, 1902)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Ichthyosaura > Species: Ichthyosaura reiseri

Molge alpestris var. reiseri Werner, 1902, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 52: 7. Syntypes: NHMW 22902.1–2, according to Häupl and Tiedemann, 1978, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 2: 11, Häupl, Tiedemann, and Grillitsch, 1994, Kat. Wiss. Samml. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 9: 14, and Gemel, Gassner, and Schweiger, 2019, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Ser. B, 121: 41, ZSM (SLM) 3401/1–2, according to Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 157, and BMNH 1946.9.6.86 (formerly 1903.7.21.14) according to museum records. Type locality: "auf der Ostseite des Nadkrstac (2112 m) mit der Biela fromila (2071 m) in 1805 m Seehöhe gelegenen Lache, ferner in der Folge, und zwar bereits Anfans September, in völlig ausgebildeten Exemplaren längs der grasigen Ufer eines nahe der Schutzhütte am Prokosko jezero vorbeifliessenden Bächleins"; rendered as "See Prokosko bei Fojnica, Vranika Gebirge, Bosnien" by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 11. See comment by Glaw and Franzen, 2006, Spixiana, München, 29: 157, who regarded this a synonym of Mesotriton alpestris alpestris. Šunje, Stroil, Raffaëlli, Zimić, and Marquis, 2021, Amphibia-Reptilia, 42: 481–490, regarded it as a significant unit for purposes of conservation.

Triton alpestris var. Reiseri — Schreiber, 1912, Herpetol. Eur., Ed. 2: 98.

Molge Reiseri — Bolkay, 1919, Glasn. Zemaljskog Muz. Bosni Hercegov., 31: 3.

Triturus alpestris reiseri — Wolterstorff, 1925, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 4: 266; Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 11. Distinctiveness from Triturus alpestris alpestris rejected by Sotiropoulos, Tomovic, Džukić, and Kalezić, 2001, Herpetol. J., 11: 1–8.

Triton (Mesotriton) alpestris reiseri — Bolkay, 1927, Glasn. Zemaljskog Muz. Bosni Hercegov., 39: 64; Bolkay, 1928, Z. Anat. Entwicklungesch., 86: 259.

Triturus alpestris montenegrinus Radovanovic, 1951, Brit. J. Herpetol., 1: 94. Holotype: ZIUZ, by original designation. Type locality: "in the small lake of Bukumirsko, which lies south of the Komovi Mountains in Eastern Yugoslavia near the Albania border", now in Montenegro. Distinctiveness from Triturus alpestris alpestris rejected by Breuil and Guillaume, 1985 "1984", Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 109: 377–389, and Sotiropoulos, Tomovic, Džukić, and Kalezić, 2001, Herpetol. J., 11: 1–8.

Triturus alpestris carpathicus Dely, 1960, Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae, 5: 295, 303. Holotype: MNH 58.63.1 (formerly a49), by original designation. Type locality: "Sinaïa, Roumanie [= Romania]".

Ichthyosaura alpestris reiseri — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 38.

Ichthyosaura alpestris (reiseri) carpathica — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 66.

Ichthyosaura alpestris (reiseri) montenegrina — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 66.

Ichthyosaura alpestris (reiseri) reiseri — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 66.

Ichthyosaura alpestris montenegrina — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 37.

Ichthyosaura alpestris carpathica — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 38.

Ichthyosaura reiseri reiseri — Raffaëlli, 2018, Alytes, 36: 187.

Ichthyosaura reiseri carpathica — Raffaëlli, 2018, Alytes, 36: 188.

Ichthyosaura reiseri montenegrina — Raffaëlli, 2018, Alytes, 36: 189.

Common Names

Prokosko Lake Alpine New (Triturus reiseri reiseri: Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 366).

Montenegran Alpine Newt (Triturus alpestris montenigrinus: Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 39).

Bosnian Alpine Newt (Triturus alpestris reiseri: Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 39).

Distribution

Balkans (southern Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia, northern North Macedonia, northern Albania, southwestern Bulgaria to northeastern Greece) and Romanian Caparthian Mountains.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia

Comment

Stojanov, Tzankov, and Naumov, 2011, Die Amph. Rept. Bulgariens: 97–103, provided a fairly detailed account (as Ichthyosaura alpestris) and range map for Bulgaria. Szabolcs, Mizsei, Jablonski, Vági, Mester, Végvári, and Lengyel, 2017, Amphibia-Reptilia, 38: 435–448, provided (as Ichthyosaura alpestris) a dot map and discussion of range in Albania. Šunje, Stroil, Raffaëlli, Zimić, and Marquis, 2021, Amphibia-Reptilia, 42: 481–490, reported on the mtDNA monophyly of nominal Ichthyosaura alpestris reiseri and considered it a significant unit for purposes of conservation. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 366–369, provided subspecies accounts, detailing the systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

External links:

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