Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Lissotriton schmidtleri (Raxworthy, 1988)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Pleurodelinae > Genus: Lissotriton > Species: Lissotriton schmidtleri

Triturus vulgaris schmidtleri Raxworthy, 1988, J. Zool., London, 215: 754. Holotype: BMNH 1987.1035, by original designation. Type locality: "Karacabey, 40°12´N, 28°22´ E, 50 m altitude", western Anatolia, Turkey.

Triturus vulgaris schmidtlerorum — Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 262. Unjustified emendation.

Lissotriton schmidtleri — Pabijan, Zieliński, Dudek, Stuglik, and Babik, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 116: 1; Wielstra, Canestrelli, Cvijanović, Denoël, Fijarczyk, Jablonski, Liana, Naumov, Olgun, Pabijan, Pezzarossa, Popgeorgiev, Salvi, Si, Sillero, Sotiropoulos, Zieliński, and Babik, 2018, Amphibia-Reptilia, 39: 252.

English Names

Schmidtler's Smooth Newt (Wielstra, Canestrelli, Cvijanović, Denoël, Fijarczyk, Jablonski, Liana, Naumov, Olgun, Pabijan, Pezzarossa, Popgeorgiev, Salvi, Si, Sillero, Sotiropoulos, Zieliński, and Babik, 2018, Amphibia-Reptilia, 39: 254).

Turkish Smooth Newt (Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 125).

Distribution

Western Asiatic and European Turkey to far northeastern Greece to central Bulgaria.

Comment

Wielstra, Bozkurt, and Olgun, 2015, ZooKeys, 484: 11–23, provided a map of Lissotriton vulgaris schmidtleri in Turkey, suggested that it might be a distinct species, and discussed the species range and allopatry from Lissotriton kosswigi in that country. Range and relationships discussed by Pabijan, Zieliński, Dudek, Stuglik, and Babik, 2017, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 116: 1–12. Wielstra, Canestrelli, Cvijanović, Denoël, Fijarczyk, Jablonski, Liana, Naumov, Olgun, Pabijan, Pezzarossa, Popgeorgiev, Salvi, Si, Sillero, Sotiropoulos, Zieliński, and Babik, 2018, Amphibia-Reptilia, 39: 252–259, reviewed the taxonomic literature of the Lissotriton vulgaris complex and provided a range map. Bozkurt, Tural, Ulutaş, and Olgun, 2016, Russ. J. Herpetol., 23: 158–162, documented two paedomorphic populations in the vicinity of Çanakkale, Turkey. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 125, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. See Speybroeck, Beukema, Dufresnes, Fritz, Jablonski, Lymberakis, Martínez-Solano, Razzetti, Vamberger, Vences, Vörös, and Crochet, 2020, Amphibia-Reptilia, 41: 144, for taxonomic comments suggesting that additional studies are warranted to document the distinction of this taxon from Triturus vulgaris and on that basis considered Lissotriton schmidtleri a subspecies of Triturus vulgaris. Skorinov, Bozkurt, Olgun, and Litvinchuk, 2022, Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. Hungaricae, 68: 261–276, discussed identification of this species from Lissotriton vulgaris and Lissotriton kosswigi employing ventral and lateral spot patterns. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 348–349, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map).

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