Chioglossa lusitanica Barboza du Bocage, 1864

Class: Amphibia > Order: Caudata > Family: Salamandridae > Subfamily: Salamandrinae > Genus: Chioglossa > Species: Chioglossa lusitanica

Chioglossa lusitanica Barboza du Bocage, 1864, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, Ser. 2, 16: 249 (September 1864). Also described subsequently by Barboza du Bocage, 1864, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 264-265 (November 1864) as discussed by Arntzen, 1999, in Grossenbacher and Thiesmeier (eds.), Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., 4(1): 305. Syntype(s): MLB (destroyed in 1978 fire) and ZMB 6481 (3 specimens, presumably on exchange from MLB), MNHNP 1182 and 1182A (according to Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 37); MNHNP 1182A designated lectotype by Arntzen and Alexandrino in Arntzen, Groenenberg, Alexandrino, Ferrand de Almeida, and Sequeira, 2007, J. Nat. Hist., London, 41: 933 . Type localities: "Coimbra" and "montagne de Bussaco, à cinq lieues de Coimbra", Portugal. Rendered as "Berg Bussaco bei Coimba, Portugal" by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 15. Lectotype from Buçaco, Beira Litoral, Portugal, according to Arntzen and Alexandrino in Arntzen, Groenenberg, Alexandrino, Ferrand de Almeida, and Sequeira, 2007, J. Nat. Hist., London, 41: 933.

Chioglossa lusitanica brevidigitata Ferrand de Almeida, Ferrand de Almeida, Gonçalves, Sequeira, Teixeira, and Ferrand de Almeida, 2001, Amph. Rept. Portugal: 57. Type(s): Not designated. Type locality: Not provided. Unavailable name as discussed by Crochet and Dubois, 2004, In Gasc et al. (eds)., Atlas Amph. Rept. Europe, Ed. 2: 496.

Chioglossa lusitanica lusitanica — Arntzen and Alexandrino In Arntzen, Groenenberg, Alexandrino, Ferrand de Almeida, and Sequeira, 2007, J. Nat. Hist., London, 41: 934.

Chioglossa lusitanica longipes Arntzen and Alexandrino In Arntzen, Groenenberg, Alexandrino, Ferrand de Almeida, and Sequeira, 2007, J. Nat. Hist., London, 41: 934. Holotype: RMNH 40113, by original designation. Type locality: "Valongo, Douro Litoral in northwestern Portugal".

Common Names

Golden-striped Salamander (Hellmich, 1962, Rept. Amph. Eur.: 52; Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 39; Arnold and Burton, 1978, Field Guide Rept. Amph. Brit. Eur.: 35; Stumpel-Rienks, 1992, Ergänzungsband Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., Trivialnamen der Herpetofauna Eur.: 47; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35; Oliveira, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 52-53).

Gold-striped Salamander (Halliday and Adler, 2002, New Encyclop. Rept. Amph.: 57).

Southern Golden-striped Salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica lusitanica: Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 258). 

Northern Golden-striped Salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica longipes: Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 259). 

Distribution

Northwestern Spain (Galicia and Asturias) and the northern-central part of Portugal; introduced into the Sintra mountains about 20 km northwest of Lisbon. 

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Portugal, Spain

Introduced: Portugal

Comment

Busack, 1976, Biol. Conserv., 10: 309–319, suggested that this species' range is decreasing; Arntzen, 1984, Biol. Conserv., 28: 89–92, suggested that the population size was underestimated by Busack due to the line-transect method of estimation employed and the difficulty of finding salamanders even when they are present. Arntzen, 2015, Diversity, 7  found one population showed drastic population size decline over the last 40 years, and another drastically increasing in the same period. See discussion of the date of description by Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 37, and Bauer, Good, and Günther, 1993, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 69: 295. Alexandrino, Ferrand de Almeida, and Arntzen, 1997, Biochem. Genet., 35: 371-381, reported on genetic variation and noted significant differences among populations north and south of the Mondego River. Alexandrino, Arntzen, and Ferrand de Almeida, 2002, Heredity, 88: 66-74, reported on molecular phylogeography. See also discussion of relevant literature and distribution by Oliveira, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 52-53. Arntzen, 1999, in Grossenbacher and Thiesmeier (eds.), Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., 4(1): 301–321, provided a review of the biology. Barbadillo-Escrivá, 1987, Guia INCAFO Anf. Rept. Peninsula Iberica: 91-95, provided an account. Obst in Engelmann, Fritzsche, Günther, and Obst, 1993, Lurche Kriechtiere Eur.: 67-68, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Vences, 1997, in Pleguezuelos (ed.), Dist. Biogeogr. Anf. Rep. Esp. Portugal: 103–105, provided a brief account, photograph, and detailed map. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 216, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Sequeira, Alexandrino, Weiss, and Ferrand de Almeida, 2008, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 95: 371-387, reported on molecular phylogeographics. Arntzen, Groenenberg, Alexandrino, Ferrand de Almeida, and Sequeira, 2007, J. Nat. Hist., London, 41: 925–936, reported on geographic variation and named a new subspecies. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 600. Nöllert and Nöllert, 1992, Die Amph. Eur.: 155–159, provided a brief account and polygon map for Europe. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 216, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 176–179, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 75–76, provided a brief account and distribution map. Cabana and Galán, 2017, Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp., 28: 3–7, discussed the elevational range in Galicia, Spain. Aguilar, Madeira, Crespo, and Rebelo, 2018, Herpetol. J., 28: 148–154, discussed the introduction and continued existence of the population near Lisbon, Portugal. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 166, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph (see p. 209 for photographs and map of subspecies). Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 258–261, provided subspecies accounts, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). 

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