Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Gegeneophis Peters, 1880 "1879"

Class: Amphibia > Order: Gymnophiona > Family: Grandisoniidae > Genus: Gegeneophis

14 species

Gegenes Günther, 1876 "1875", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1875: 577. Type species: Epicrium carnosum Beddome, 1870, by monotypy. Preoccupied by Gegenes Hübner, 1816 (Lepidoptera).

Gegeneophis Peters, 1880 "1879", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1879: 932. Replacement name for Gegenes Günther, 1876 "1875".

Gegenophis — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 101. Unjustified emendation.

Common Names

Blind Caecilians (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Deepak, and Kulkarni, 2023, Fauna India Checklist, vers. 5.0 : 15).

Forest Caecilians (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 23).

индийские червяги (Russian: Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 13).

Distribution

Southern India.

Comment

Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 172: 81–91, provided keys and accounts for the species. Wilkinson, Sheps, Oommen, and Cohen, 2002, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 23: 401–407, suggested that Gegeneophis (their molecular exemplar being Gegeneophis ramaswamii) is the sister taxon of the monophyletic Seychelles group of caecilians (Grandisonia, Hypogeophis, and Praslinia). Giri, Wilkinson, and Gower, 2003, Zootaxa, 351: 1–10, provided a key to the species of Gegeneophis. Wilkinson and Nussbaum, 2006, In Exbrayat (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylog. Gymnophiona: 39–78 [63–64], diagnosed the taxon and implied that monophyly of the taxon remains to be documented. Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth, Kulkarni, and Radhakrishnan, 2010, J. Threatened Taxa, 2: 1105–1108, mapped the species of the Western Ghats. See comment under Indotyphlus. Dinesh, Shikalgar, Adhav, Vishnu, and Kulkarni, 2025, Phyllomedusa, 24: 295–300, discussed the distribution, phylogenetics, and morphology of the species found in the northern and central Western Ghats, of southern India.

Contained taxa (14 sp.):

Gegeneophis bavali Kotharambath, Vengot, and Gower, 2026

Gegeneophis carnosus (Beddome, 1870)

Gegeneophis danieli Giri, Wilkinson, and Gower, 2003

Gegeneophis goaensis Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth, and Kulkarni, 2007

Gegeneophis krishni Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999

Gegeneophis madhavai Bhatta and Srinivasa, 2004

Gegeneophis mhadeiensis Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth, and Kulkarni, 2007

Gegeneophis orientalis Agarwal, Wilkinson, Mohapatra, Dutta, Giri, and Gower, 2013

Gegeneophis pareshi Giri, Gower, Gaikwad, and Wilkinson, 2011

Gegeneophis primus Kotharambath, Gower, Oommen, and Wilkinson, 2012

Gegeneophis ramaswamii Taylor, 1964

Gegeneophis seshachari Ravichandran, Gower, and Wilkinson, 2003

Gegeneophis tejaswini Kotharambath, Wilkinson, Oommen, and Gower, 2015

Gegeneophis valmiki Dinesh, Shikalgar, Adhav, Vishnu, and Kulkarni, 2025

External links:

Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.

For access to general information see Wikipedia
For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank