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Triturus pygmaeus (Wolterstorff, 1905)
Triton marmoratus forma pygmaea Wolterstorff, 1905, C. R. Séances 6th Congr. Internatl. Zool., Berne, 1904: 260. Type(s): MM, destroyed in W.W.II, according to Brame and Gorham, 1972, Checklist Living & Fossil Salamand. World (Unpubl. MS): 102. Type locality: "Südspanien, um Cadix und Algeciras"; restricted to "Cadiz, Südspanien [= southern Spain]" by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 12.
Triturus marmoratus pygmaeus — Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 12.
Triturus pygmaeus — García-París, Arano, and Herrero, 2001, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 15: 115.
Triturus (Pyronicia) pygmaeus — Dubois and Raffaëlli, 2009, Alytes, 26: 67.
Triturus pygmaeus pygmaus — Arntzen, 2023, Contrib. Zool., Amsterdam, : 23.
Triturus pygmaeus lusitanicus Arntzen, 2023, Contrib. Zool., Amsterdam, : 23. Holotype: MNCN 51799, by original designation. Type locality: "Granja, Portugal, at 7.262 western longitude and 38.318 northern latitude, elevation 160 m above sea level". Zoobank publication registration: 83C95223-3AB5-4EEF-B596-E5F7F05CCA9D (November 2023).
Common Names
Southern Marbled Newt (Steward, 1969, Tailed Amph. Eur.: 40; Arnold, 2002, Rept. Amph. Eur., Ed. 2: 42).
Pygmy Marbled Newt (Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 141).
Lusitanian Pygmy Newt (Triturus pygmaeus lusitanicus: Arntzen, 2023, Contrib. Zool., Amsterdam, : 24).
Distribution
Central-southwestern Spain and southern Portugal, below 1450 m elevation.
Geographic Occurrence
Natural Resident: Portugal, Spain
Comment
García-París, Arano, and Herrero, 2001, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 15: 115–126, discussed the lack of intergradation with Triturus marmoratus and considered this population a distinct species. Arnold, 2002, Rept. Amph. Eur., Ed. 2: 42, provided a brief account, figure, and map. See account by Herrero, Montori, and Arano, 2003, in Grossenbacher and Thiesmeier (eds.), Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., 4(IIA): 543–553. Raffaëlli, 2013, Urodeles du Monde, 2nd ed.: 136, provided a brief account, photo, and map. Espregueira Themudo and Arntzen, 2007, Herpetol. J., 17: 24–30, reported on genetic distinctiveness in parapatry with Triturus marmoratus. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 642–643. Wielstra and Arntzen, 2011, BMC Evol. Biol., 11(162): 1–8, reported ln the molecular phylogenetics of the species and its near relatives. Wielstra, Sillero, Vörös, and Arntzen, 2014, Amphibia-Reptilia, 35: 376–381, provided a dot map. Sparreboom, 2014, Salamanders Old World: 354–356, reviewed the biology, characteristics, distribution, reproduction, and conservation of the species. Arntzen, Wielstra, and Wallis, 2014, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 113: 604–622, reported on hybrid/contact zone with Triturus marmoratus. Speybroeck, Beukema, Bok, and Van Der Voort, 2016, Field Guide Amph. Rept. Brit. Eur.: 102–104, provided a brief account and distribution map. See Dufresnes, 2019, Amph. Eur., N. Afr., & Middle East: 141, for brief summary of identifying morphology and biology, a range map, as well as a photograph. Arntzen, López-Delgado, van Riemsdijk, and Wielstra, 2021, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 59: 459–465, noted a population showing significant genetic differentiation in Cádiz, Andalusia, Spain, and reported on evidence for a hybrid zone with Triturus marmoratus having moved 215 km in the Iberian Peninsula. Gaczorek, Marszałek, Dudek, Arntzen, Wielstra, and Babik, 2023, Mol. Ecol., 32: 867–880, reported on introgression of the MHC gene across a hybrid zone between Triturus pygmaeus and Triturus marmoratus. Raffaëlli, 2022, Salamanders & Newts of the World: 386–388, provided an account, summarizing systematics, life history, population status, and distribution (including a polygon map). Arntzen, 2023, Contrib. Zool., Amsterdam, : 1– 26, distinguished and mapped two subspecies, Triturus pygmaeus lusitanicus found in the south-western corner of the Iberian Peninsula with the exception of the Betic Cordillera, and meeting the nominate subspecies inside Doñana National Park. Arntzen, 2024, Contrib. Zool., Amsterdam: 3, provided a polygon distribution map for the subspecies, Triturus pygmaeus pygmaeus and Triturus pygmaus lusitanicus, on the Iberian peninsula. Kazilas, Dufresnes, France, Kalaentzis, Martínez-Solano, de Visser, Arntzen, and Wielstra, 2024, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 194(108403): 1–11, reported on molecular phylogeography of Triturus marmoratus, Triturus pygmaeus, and Triturus rudolfi (as Triturus pygmaeus West).
External links:
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- For access to general information see Wikipedia
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- For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
- For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
- For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observations see iNaturalist
- For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.