Leptopelis bocagii (Günther, 1865)

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Arthroleptidae > Subfamily: Leptopelinae > Genus: Leptopelis > Species: Leptopelis bocagii

Cystignathus bocagii Günther, 1865 "1864", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864: 481. Holotype: A "unique specimen" according to the original publication although Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 23, suggested that MBL T.15-232 might by syntypes (these destroyed by 1978 fire); two specimens received by BMNH from MBL may be types. Type locality: "Duque de Bragance [= Bragança]", Angola.

Hylambates bocagii — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 133.

Hylambates angolensis Barboza du Bocage, 1893, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa, Ser. 2, 3 (10): 119. Syntypes: MBL including T. 14-242-244, according to Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 23; destroyed in 1978 fire. Type localities: "Caconda", "Quissange", "Cahata", and "Quidumbo", Angola. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1906 "1905", Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 3, 2: 166; Parker, 1936, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 19: 97; Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 23.

Hylambates bocagei — Ferreira, 1906, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa, Ser. 2, 7: 164.

Leptopelis bocagii var. leucopunctata Ferreira, 1906, J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa, Ser. 2, 7: 113. Syntypes: MUP (2 specimens), by original indication. Ceríaco, Blackburn, Marques, and Calado, 2014, Alytes, 31: 2526, noted MUP 017324 as the registration number of the syntypes and suggested that one of the two may be missing or that the apparency of loss may be due to damage to a label. Type locality: "Gumba", Angola. 

Leptopelis bocagii — Loveridge, 1925, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1925: 787; Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 211.

Hylambates brevipalmatus Ahl, 1930, Zool. Anz., 87: 228. Holotype: ZMB, unnumbered according to the original publication. Type locality: "Unyika, Deutsch-Ostafrika". Synonymy by Loveridge, 1933, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 74: 346.

Leptopelis angolensis — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 213.

Leptopelis bocagei — Parker, 1936, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 19: 97. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Leptopelis bocagei bocagei — Mertens, 1937, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 435: 21.

Leptopelis bocagei haasi Mertens, 1937, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 435: 21. Holotype: SMF 22248, according Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 47. Type locality: "Nsombo am Baonweolo-See [Lake Bangweolo], Nord-Rhodesien", Zambia. Subspecies status rejected by Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 329.

Leptopelis (Taphriomantis) bocagii — Laurent, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 35: 101.

Leptopelis bocagei — De Witte, 1952, Result. Sci., Explor. Hydrobiol. Lac Tanganyika (1946–47), 3: 9; Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 172.

Leptopelis bocagii — Loveridge, 1953, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 110: 342; Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 1–120. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Common Names

Bocage's Tree Frog (Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 199; Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 198; Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 90; Spawls, Mazuch, and Mohammad, 2023, Handb. Amph. Rept. NE Afr.: 78).

Savanna Tree Frog (Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 38).

Bocage's Burrowing Tree Frog (Largen and Spawls, 2010, Amph. Rept. Ethiopia Eritrea: 133).

Bocage's Frog (Lambiris, 1990 "1989", Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 10: 144).

Bocage's Burrowing Frog (Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 120; Broadley, 1973, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 10: 23; Broadley, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 19: 34).

Bocage's Burrowing Leaf-frog (Van Dijk, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 17: 16).

Horseshoe Forest Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 69).

Distribution

Savanna regions of South Sudan and western and southern Ethiopia south through Kenya (isolated populations), Tanzania, eastern Rwanda and Burundi to western Zambia and thence west through most of Angola south to Bicuar National Park and to extreme northeastern Namibia (Caprivi), through southern Malawi and most of Zimbabwe and extreme northern Botswana; almost to northeastern Rep. South Africa (see comment).

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo, Democratic Republic of the, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Comment

This nominal species may be composed of several cryptic species; see Largen, 1977, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 9: 96. Schiøtz, 1999, Treefrogs Afr.: 289–291, also discussed the probability of cryptic species masquerading under this name. Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 23–24, noted that the synonymy of Hylambates angolensis Bocage, 1893, was problematic because the types are of different age classes and, therefore, not easily comparable. Perret also noted that Schiøtz, 1975, Treefrogs E. Afr.: 14, and Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 120, did not include Hylambates angolensis in their synonymies of Leptopelis bocagii (nor did Poynton and Broadley, 1987, Ann. Natal Mus., 28: 174–175). See comment under Leptopelis bufonides. Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 199–200, provided an account. Largen, 2001, Tropical Zool., 14: 349–350, commented on distribution and identifications. IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe, 2004, Global Amph. Assessment (and M. Cunningham, personal commun.), suggested that the record from Rep. South Africa is based on a misidentification of a specimens in the Transvaal Museum. Auerbach, 1987, Amph. Rept. Botswana: 59, provided a summary account and grid map for Botswana. Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 198–199, provided an account for East Africa. Pickersgill, 2007, Frog Search: 499–500, also provided an account. Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 38–39, provided an account for the Kenya population. See account, photograph, and map for Ethiopia by Largen and Spawls, 2010, Amph. Rept. Ethiopia Eritrea: 132–134. Mercurio, 2011, Amph. Malawi: 96–97, provided an account for Malawi. Hopkins, 2012, Afr. Herp News, 56: 17–18, reported on larval morphology in Zimbabwe. See account (as Leptopis cf. bocagii) for Cameroon by Amiet, 2012, Rainettes Cameroun: 466–472. Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn, and Bauer, 2018, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 65 (Suppl. II): 122–124, provided a map and brief account for Angola. Ceríaco, Marques, and Bandeira, 2016, Anf. Rept. Parque Nac. Cangandala: 27, provided a brief account for Malanje Province, Angola. Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 90–91, provided an account (identification, adult and larval morphology, conservation status, call, range, and habitat). Du Preez and Carruthers, 2017, Frogs S. Afr., Compl. Guide: 92–93, provided a brief account for southern Africa, including a polygon range map, photograph, identification, adult and larval morphology, habitat, and call. Baptista, Conradie, Vaz Pinto, and Branch, 2019, In Huntley, Russo, Lages, and Ferrand (eds.), Biodiversity in Angola: 262, suggested that Hylambates bocagei var. leucopunctata Ferreira, 1904, may prove to be a distinct species and that the synonymy of Leptopelis angolensis was premature. Spawls, Wasonga, and Drewes, 2019, Amph. Kenya: 7, provided a range map for Kenya, photograph, and brief characterization. Channing and Rödel, 2019, Field Guide Frogs & Other Amph. Afr.: 228–229, provided a brief account, photograph, and range map. Baptista, António, and Branch, 2019, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 13 (e203): 96–130, reported on specimens from Bicuar National Park, southwestern Angola and suggested that the synonymy of Hylambates angolensis Bocage, 1893, requires revisiting. Dehling and Sinsch, 2023, Diversity, 15 (512): 1–81, discussed the range, identification, natural history, advertisement call, and conservation status in Rwanda. Conradie, Keates, Verburgt, Baptista, and Harvey, 2023, Amph. Rept. Conserv., 17: 25–26, provided an account and dot map of the species in Angola. Spawls, Mazuch, and Mohammad, 2023, Handb. Amph. Rept. NE Afr.: 78–79, provided an account addressing identification, natural history, conservation status, and range in northeastern Africa, including a polygon map. 

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