Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Search tool	Example of search string in box	What that means to the database
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	Hyl*	Will find all uses of "Hyl . . ." anywhere in a record: e.g., Hylarana, Hyla, Hylidae, Hylinae, Hylaedactyla.
* = "wildcard". Allows a partial letter string to be entered and implies either no or various extension on this letter string	*Hyla	Will find all uses of ". . . hyla" anywhere in a record: e.g., Hyla, Hylidae, Plectrohyla, Ptychadena hylaea, Adenomera hylaedactyla
Single word	Hyla	Will find all records that contain stand-alone uses of Hyla: e.g., Hyla, Hyla arenicolor
Strings of words without quotation marks	Lithobates pipiens	Interprets this as "Lithobates OR pipiens" so will find the union of all records that contain either "Lithobates" or "pipiens": e.g., Lithobates omiltemanus, Hylorana pipiens
Strings of word with quotation marks	"Lithobates pipiens"	Interprets this as "Lithobates AND pipiens" so will return all records that have the character string "Lithobates pipiens" anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex.
AND statement. Means that the results of the search must include both words held together by an AND	Lithobates AND pipiens	Same as "Lithobates pipiens"
OR statement. Means that the results of the search will all records that have either of the terms held together by an OR	Lithobates OR "Costa Rica"	Recovers all records that contain the word "Lithobates" or "Costa Rica": 402 records inasmuch as this will include all records for the entire amphibian fauna of Costa Rica
Combining Boolean operators within the Basic Search box (AND, OR, NOT, quotation marks)	Lithobates AND "Costa Rica" NOT forreri	Recovers only records that contain the word Lithobates AND "Costa Rica", but excludes any record that contains the word "forreri" in any part of the record: 9 records
Printable HELP file

Bombina lichuanensis Ye and Fei, 1993

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Bombinatoridae > Genus: Bombina > Species: Bombina lichuanensis

Bombina lichuanensis Ye and Fei in Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 113 (p. 364 for authorship). Holotype: Not stated; given as CIB 74I0747 by Ye and Fei, 1994, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, 3: 22. Type locality: Not given, but subsequently stated by Ye and Fei, 1994, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, 3: 22, 25, to be "Beiyang, Lichuan [county], Hubei; altitude 1830 m", China.

Bombina (Grobina) lichuanensis — Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, in Fei et al. (eds.), Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 54; Yu, Yang, Zhang, and Rao, 2007, J. Herpetol., 41: 373.

English Names

Lichuan Bell Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 58).

Distribution

Lichuan County, Hubei, eastern Guangxi, and Mabian County, Sichuan, China.

Geographic Occurrence

Natural Resident: China, People's Republic of

Endemic: China, People's Republic of

Comment

See comments under Bombina maxima and Bombina microdeladigitora for access to relevant systematic literature inasmuch as this species is only controversially separated from them. See brief account, map, and figure by Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 58. Fei and Ye, 2001, Color Handbook Amph. Sichuan: 100, provided a brief account and illustration. Yu, Yang, Zhang, and Rao, 2007, J. Herpetol., 41: 365–377, supported the distinctiveness of Bombina lichuanensis and suggested that it is the sister taxon of Bombina maxima (in the sense of including Bombina fortinuptialis and Bombina microdeladigitora). Zheng, Fu, and Li, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 52: 70–83, recognized Bombina microdeladigitora, Bombina lichuanensis, and Bombina fortinuptialis as separate species and provided molecular evidence consistent with this view. See image, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 155. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 67–70, provided an account, dot-map, and illustration of the holotype. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 105, provided a brief account including photographs of specimens and habitat. Placed into the synonymy with Bombina microdeladigitora by Pabijan, Wandycz, Hofman, Węcek, Piwczyński, and Szymura, 2013, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 69: 63–74, on the basis of low mutual mtDNA distances, although with the caveat that additional work may require their resurrection.

External links:

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For additional sources of general information from other websites search Google
For access to relevant technical literature search Google Scholar
For images search CalPhoto Images and Google Images
To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
For additional information see AmphibiaWeb report
For information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
For information on distribution, habitat, and conservation see the Map of Life
For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist
For additional information specific to China see Amphibia China
For access to available specimen data for this species, from over 350 scientific collections, go to Vertnet.